1. The Mughal Empire in India

2. Early History of the Mughals
1000- after 300 years of clashes, Turks invade India
Delhi becomes capital of Turkish warlords
Sultans treated Hindus as conquered people

3. Babur Founds an Empire Babur- 11 year old
Inherited Uzbekistan and Tajikistan- taken away by elders
Babur goes south and builds an army- takes India and sets stage for Mughal empire

4. Babur Founds an Empire
Babur leads 12,000 troops and defeats over 100,000 troops of the sultan of Dehli
Takes over India

5. Akbar Takes Over Babur’s grandson 13 when he takes over
Strong military- heavy artillery
Smart- appoints potential enemies and captured people as officers in his military, creating allies
Unifies a land of over 100 million people

6. Akbar’s Rule Religious freedom
Married a Hindu princess, cuts taxes on Hindus, hires Jesuit to tutor his son
Anyone could rise to high office in the government
Introduces a graduated income tax
Based on percentage of peasant’s crops
Because it was fair and affordable, more people paid it

7. Blended Cultures Akbar’s court spoke Persian
Commoners spoke Hindi (most of India speaks this today)
Army spoke Urdu (now official language of Pakistan)
Arts expanded greatly with outside influence

8. Jahangir “Grasper of the World”
Wife, Nur Jahan, actually did most of the ruling
Ruled with iron fist
Sees son Khusrau as key to future power

9. Khusrau Rebels Rebels against father- Nur Jahan moves to next son
Khusrau turns to Sikhs for shelter- nonviolent religious group similar to Hinduism and Sufism (Islamic mysticism)

10. Jahangir’s Response
Pushes Islam but tries to stay tolerant of other religions
Sikh leader, Guru Arjun, shelters Khusrau
Arjun is arrested and tortured to death
Ends religious tolerance shown by Jahangir

11. Shah Jahan Assassinated all his possible rivals Loved 2 things-
Architecture and his wife, Mumtaz Mahal
Mahal died in 1631 while giving birth to her 14th child
Jahan has the Taj Mahal built as a tomb for her

12. Shah Jahan The country suffers while he builds these great monuments
Famine hits
Farmers need roads, tools and irrigation, but get taxes instead

13. Shah Jahan Falls sick in 1657 His 4 sons scramble for power
3rd son, Aurangzeb, kills his older brother and has his father put in prison
Shah Jahan dies later in prison
Find a mirror in his room angled so he could see the reflection of the Taj Mahal

14. Aurangzeb’s Reign Expanded Mughal empire to its greatest size
Oppressed his people by strictly enforcing Islamic laws
Outlawed drinking, gambling, appointed censors to make sure people prayed
Returned tax on Hindus and removed them from positions in his government

15. Hindus Rebel Aurangzeb defeats them but never completely
His number of enemies continued to increase the longer he ruled

16. The Empire’s Decline Aurangzeb drained the empire of its resources
As the central state weakened, local lords grew
Mughal empire became a figurehead rather than actual ruler
European traders start moving in and developing power