1. PROTISTA
Chapter 19

2. Protists
All Eukaryotes (Domain Eukarya)
Most unicellular, some multicellular, some colonial (volvox)
Autotroph or heterotroph
Some have chloroplasts
Some have cell walls of cellulose

3. Classifcation
Classified by what they are not rather than what they are
By their method of obtaining nutrition
Eukaryotes that do not belong to the plant, animal, or fungi kingdom

4. Categories of Classification
How they obtain nutrition:
Animal-Like – ex. Ameobas
Plantlike – ex. Green algae
Funguslike – ex. Mildew
Table 19.1 (p.543)

5. Animal-Like Protists Like animals: Heterotrophs - (this means?)
Why are they not in the animal kingdom?
Unlike animals:
These are unicellular whereas organisms in the animal kingdom are multicellular

6. Plantlike Protists
Like plants:
Autotrophs - make own food through photosynthesis
Unlike plants:
Mostly unicellular
Do not have roots, leaves, or other typical plant structures

7. Absorb their nutrients from other decaying organisms Unlike Fungus:
Fuguslike Protists
Like Fungus:
Absorb their nutrients from other decaying organisms
Unlike Fungus:
Cell walls are different
These do not have chitin in their cell walls (Fungi do)

8. Environment
Found in damp or aquatic environments

9. All protists have a common ancestral eukaryotic cell
Diverse Kingdom
These organisms do not fit into the other kingdom categories
This way they can still be classified in an organized fashion
All protists have a common ancestral eukaryotic cell
Eventually evolved to have mitochondria
Some later evolved to have chloroplasts

10. Animal-Like Protists (Protozoans)
Further classified by how they move
Cilia
Pseudopod
Sporozoans
Flagella

11. Cilia
Short, hair-like projections (Fig. 19.4)
Used:
To propel themselves through water
To move food particles into the cell

13. Contractile Vacuoles
(Water constantly enters the cell by osmosis)
Collect excess water from the cytoplasm (in the paramecium)
Expel it from the cell
Help maintain homeostasis in the cell

14. Ciliate Reproduction (paramecia)
Binary fission - asexual reproduction
One cell splits into two
Conjugation - not considered true reproduction because a new organisms in not formed
Genetic information is exchanged
Fig. 19-6

15. Use a pseudopod to surround a smaller organism, forming a food vacuole
Amoebas
Use a pseudopod to surround a smaller organism, forming a food vacuole
Oxygen and waste products diffuse in and out of the cell
Fig (p.550)

17. Malaria (Fig.19.19)
Caused by a sporozoan (a parasite) that is spread by mosquitoes
Symptoms: Fever, chills, other flu-like symptoms
Common in tropical and subtropical regions
High temperature, humidity and rainfall

18. African Sleeping Sickness
Caused by a zooflagellate that uses a Tsetse fly as its host
The blood-sucking Tsetse fly bites an infected organism and then spreads it to a human
Symptoms: fever, inflammation of the lymph notes, damage to the nervous system

19. Plantlike Protists Algae
Do not have roots, leaves or other structures typical of plants
Fig

20. Euglenoids - Plantlike Protists
Euglena
Have plantlike and animal-like characteristics
Usually contain chloroplasts and photosynthesize
Are green in color
Fig

22. Volvox
An alga that has a colonial growth pattern
Grows as a colony
May include hundreds or even thousands of cells that form a hollow ball
Fig (p.558)

24. Uses of Algae
Food source for animals and people
Very nutritious due to high protein content, minerals, and vitamins
Table 19.2 (p.559)

25. Funguslike Protists - Slime Molds
Use spores to reproduce
Feed on decaying organic matter
Absorb nutrients through their cell walls
Found in damp, shady places
Cell walls usually contain cellulose NEVER chitin (like true Fungi)

26. Why must algae live at or near the surface of the water?
Where Algae Live
Why must algae live at or near the surface of the water?
Hint: What do they need to survive that would be easier to access at the surface of the water, rather than deeper in the water?