1. TRAINING WORKSHOP FOR UPDATING INVENTORY OF INITIAL AND NEW POPs
Status on the management of Unintentional POPs (UPOPs) [Dioxin/Furans, HCBD, PCBs, PeCB] in Thailand
TRAINING WORKSHOP FOR UPDATING INVENTORY OF INITIAL AND NEW POPs
May 8th- 9th 2018, Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

2. UPOPs in Stockholm Convention
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD)
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB)
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN)
Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD)
What do UPOPs come from?
By-product in the manufacture of chlorinated solvents
By-products of Thermal processes in the presence of all forms of chlorine

3. Dioxin (polycholorinated dibenzo-para-dioxin: PCDDs)
Furans (polychlorinated dibenzo furans: PCDFs)

4. Annual Releases (g I-TEQ/a)
Dioxin Preliminary Inventory (2005) -- PCDDs/PCDFs Releases from Different Source Categories*
Sector
Source Categories
Annual Releases (g I-TEQ/a)
Air
Water
Land
Product
Residue 1
Waste Incineration (3rd)
42.37
0.00
32.45 2
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal Production (2nd)
20.04
99.66 3
Power Generation and Heating (4th)
33.33
14.28 4
Production of Mineral Products
11.14
0.17 5
Transportation
11.69 6
Uncontrolled Combustion Processes (1st)
144.24
6.64
236.10 7
Production of Chemicals and Consumer Goods
1.52
1.33
8.31
384.16 8
Miscellaneous (Crematoria) (5th)
21.81
6.48 9
Disposal/Landfill 10
Identification of Potential Hot-Spots    
1-9
Total
286.30
773.30
* Dioxin Priliminary Inventory , Pollution Control Department (2005)

5. Significant Point Sources of Dioxins*
Hospital waste incinerators
10.7 – 45.0 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 (11% O2)
Crematoria
10.5 – 28.6 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 (11% O2)
Municipal waste incinerators
0.65 – 3.10 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 (11% O2)
Steel plants stack emissions
0.32 – 0.61 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 (19% O2)
*Ref: Thailand Dioxin Sampling and Analysis Program (2001)

6. Regulation of PCDDs/PCDFs Emissions
Emission STD:
Municipal Waste Incinerators :
not exceed 0.5 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 for all old incinerators and new incinerators of 1-50 ton/day
not exceed 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 for new incinerators with capacity of > 50 ton/day.
Infectious Waste Incinerators :
not exceed 0.5 ng I-TEQ/Nm3
3. the Factory that use processed used-oil and synthetic fuel as fuel in industrial furnaces
Cement kilns that use waste co-processing

7. The 1st NIP – Action plan to reduce releases from PCDDs/PCDFs
Goal 1 : reduce the total releases derived from anthropogenic sources with the goal of their continuing minimization, and, where feasible, ultimate elimination by 2012.
Goal 2 : Establish a regional laboratory for PCDDs/PCDFs analysis by 2010
Goal 3 : PCDDs/PCDFs releases database is available by 2012
Goal 4 : Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) mechanism is developed and used in Thailand by 2012
Goal 5 : Thai people are aware of hazard and impact of PCDDs/PCDFs by 2009
Goal 6 : BAT/BEP is applied by Thai industries by 2012
Goal 7 : Law and regulations prescribing PCDDs/PCDFs emission standards are set up for all sources categories by 2012

8. The 1st NIP – Implementation of Action plan to reduce releases from PCDDs/PCDFs (1)
Goal 1 :
Reduce the total releases derived from anthropogenic sources with the goal of their continuing minimization, and, where feasible, ultimate elimination by 2012.
See Goal 6
Goal 2 :
Establish a regional laboratory for PCDDs/PCDFs analysis by 2010
Establishment of laboratories for PCDDs/PCDFs analysis (e.g., DEQP and DMSc)
Capacity building on PCDDs/PCDFs sampling and analysis (e.g., Japan QSP, NEDO, ROK, UNIDO/GEF).
Implementation of the POPs Monitoring Plan in the Asian Region : GMP2-Asia ( )

9. The 1st NIP – Implementation of Action plan to reduce releases from PCDDs/PCDFs (2)
Goal 3 :
PCDDs/PCDFs releases database is available by 2012
Measurement of PCDDs/PCDFs Releases from Small-scale Hospital Waste Incinerators (2007)
A pilot project on the establishment of a hospital waste management center/cluster ( )
Undertaking the National Inventory of Crematoria and Feasibility Study on the Establishment of Cremation Center in Thailand, in collaboration with the World Bank (2009).
Monitoring of PCDDs/PCDFs releases from Power Plants/industrial boilers, Steel plants and Crematoria sectors to investigate PCDDs/PCDFs level.(**********)

10. The 1st NIP – Implementation of Action plan to reduce releases from PCDDs/PCDFs (3)
Goal 4 :
PRTR is developed and used in Thailand by 2012
The Development of Basic Schemes for PRTR System in the Kingdom of Thailand : JICA PRTR ( )
Conducting PRTR System continuously
Goal 5 :
Thai people are aware of hazard and impact of PCDDs/PCDFs by 2009
Providing awareness campaign about PCDDs/PCDFs and BAT/BEP guidelines continuously

11. The 1st NIP – Implementation of Action plan to reduce releases from PCDDs/PCDFs (4)
Goal 6 :
BAT/BEP is applied by Thai industries by 2012
Participation in the Regional BAT/BEP Forum for ESEA Countries (2007-Present).
Regional Plan for Introduction of BAT/BEP Strategies to Industrial Clusters of Annex C of Articles 5 sectors in East and South East Asia Region
Translation of the BAT/BEP Guidelines for Power Plants/Industrial boilers,Metallurgical industries and Crematoria sectors into Thai language.
Providing awareness campaign about PCDDs/PCDFs and BAT/BEP guidelines to Power Plants/Industrial boilers, Metallurgical industries manufacturer
Demonstration of BAT and BEP in fossil fuel-fired utility and industrial boilers in response to the Stockholm Convention on POPs( )
Greening the Scrap Metal Value Chain through Promotion of BAT/BEP to Reduce U-POPs Releases from Recycling Facilities (2018-in present)

12. The 1st NIP – Implementation of Action plan to reduce releases from PCDDs/PCDFs (5)
Goal 7 :
Law and regulations prescribing PCDDs/PCDFs emission standards are set up for all sources categories by 2012
Establishment of PCDDs/PCDFs Emission Standard for 4 sources;
Municipal Waste Incinerators
Infectious Waste Incinerators
the Factory that use processed used-oil and synthetic fuel as fuel in industrial furnaces
Cement kilns that use waste co-processing

13. Awareness raising campaigns on dioxins/furans to the general public

14. Samples of UPOPs Publications

15. Barriers to the Implementation for reduction of PCDDs/PCDFs releases
Limitation of knowledge and understanding regarding BAT/BEP application.
PCDDs/PCDFs Emission Standard have not covered yet the potential sources.
Lack of adequate technical and financial resources.

16. PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyl )
Hexachlorobenzene (HCBD)
Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB)
Pentachloro-benzene (PCNs)

17. PCBs HCBD PeCB and PCNs
It can be formed by burning chlorine-based chemical compounds with hydrocarbons.
It comes from incinerators burning chlorinated wastes (ie. Plastics), metal processing and chlorination processes used.
Thailand has not yet monitored PCBs HCBD PeCB and PCNs in emission and need to be developed Laboratories.
The inventories have not been developed yet .

18. Thank you for your attention.
Stockholm Convention Focal Point, Thailand
Hazardous Substance Division, Waste & Hazardous Substance
Management Bureau,
Pollution Control Department Tel , 2430
Fax