2. Generating and Developing Design Ideas2
Generating and Developing Design Ideas

3. Objectives Explain the role of the designer.
Identify items you design in your daily life.
Use design process skills to solve a design problem.
Summarize other problem-solving techniques and explain when they should be used.
Recall the elements of design.
Identify the principles of design.
Summarize the five basic types of design decisions.

4. Role of the Designer Designers create ideas for products
Safe
Comfortable
Efficient
Design plays a key role in many careers, including:
Architecture
Engineering
Graphic design
Interior design

5. Are You a Designer? Formal designs Informal designs Painting a toy
Designing a school display
Making a funny face mask
Decorating cupcakes

6. Design Process Defining the problem Writing the design brief
Investigating
Developing solutions
Choosing a solution
Making a model or prototype
Testing and evaluating
Manufacturing

7. Engineering Design Process

8. Defining the Problem Design problem—based on a specific need
Methods of addressing a design problem
Invention
Innovation

9. Design Brief Defines criteria and constraints
Should be as specific as possible

10. Investigating Gathering information Information sources
Existing solutions
Libraries
Internet
Experts
Things to consider
Function
Appearance
Materials
Construction
Safety
Environmental impact

11. Function Successful design solution Does what it is intended to do
Easy, efficient, and safe to use
Takes ergonomics into consideration

12. Ergonomics
Relationship between a person, a product, and the environment

13. Discussion
How do poorly designed products and services affect your life?

14. Developing Alternative Solutions
Consider brainstorming to generate ideas
Sketch or write down all ideas
Consider skills, available materials, time needed to build each solution, and cost
Consider sustainable design ideas

15. Discussion
Can you think of any other solutions for a pencil holder design problem?

16. Choosing a Solution Compare solutions with design requirements
Create a detailed drawing of the chosen solution
Include measurements
Include all other information needed to make the product

17. Solution Chart

18. Making 3D Models and Prototypes
Built to specific scale
Used for very large or small products
Prototype
Generally built at full size
Used to help plan steps for making the product
Allows designers to test the design

19. Discussion
Why is it important to model ideas before manufacturing products?

20. Testing and Evaluating
Answer three basic questions:
Does it work?
Does it meet the design brief?
Will modifications improve the solution?

21. Manufacturing
Small number of samples are made and given to typical users
Designers use feedback to make final changes
Company decides how many to make

22. Other Problem-Solving Methods
I-DREAM method
Experimentation
Try different ideas
Used to define or solve problems
Troubleshooting
Eliminate possible causes of the problem
Used when problem is known, but cause is unknown

23. Troubleshooting

24. Elements of Design
Line
Shape
Form
Texture
Color

25. Line Straight lines Curved lines Jagged lines Strength Direction
Stability
Curved lines
Soft
Graceful
Jagged lines
Harsh
Unfriendly

26. Discussion
What do heavy or thin lines suggest?

27. Shape and Form Shape—Two-dimensional Form—Three-dimensional
Types of shapes and forms
Geometric
Organic
Stylized

28. Texture
Rough
Smooth
Slippery
Fuzzy
Coarse

29. Color
Result of objects reflecting or absorbing wavelengths of light

30. Color
Primary colors
Secondary colors
Tertiary colors

31. Using Color Invoke different moods Produce certain reactions
Red often means danger
Control temperature
Houses painted white to reflect sunlight
Dark surfaces in solar panels to absorb sunlight and heat

32. Principles of Design Balance Proportion Harmony and contrast Pattern
Movement and rhythm
Unity and style

33. Balance
Symmetrical
Asymmetrical
Radial

34. Proportion Relationship between the sizes of two things
Can apply to parts of an object

35. The Golden Mean
Mathematical formula to describe proportions found in nature

36. Harmony and Contrast Harmony makes you feel comfortable
Contrast attracts attention or adds excitement
Complementary colors

37. Pattern Found in nature and in man-made objects
Used to make uninteresting surfaces attractive
Serve a particular function, such as on a chessboard

38. Discussion
How do designers use contrast and pattern in the development of safety equipment?

39. Rhythm and Movement Rhythm implies movement
Can be smooth and flowing or fast and dynamic
(Laser)

40. Unity Sense of belonging or similarity Visually go well together
Types of unity
Within the parts of a design
Between an object and its environment

41. Style Style depends on: Availability and cost of materials
Tools and techniques available to shape materials
Cultural preferences
Knowledge of elements and principles of design

42. Design Decisions Five types Conceptual decisions Marketing decisions
Technical decisions
Construction decisions
Aesthetic (artistic) decisions

43. Review
True or False? Design plays a key role in architecture and engineering. True.

44. Review
True or False? Design principles can be applied to desserts and other foods. True.

45. Review
What is the purpose of a design brief? A design brief defines the criteria and constraints that must be met by the designed product.

46. Review
Name six things to consider when gathering information for a design. Function, appearance, materials to be used, construction, safety issues, and environmental impact

47. Review
What is a prototype? A prototype is the first working version of the designer’s solution. It is generally built at full size and is often handmade.

48. Review
What three questions does testing and evaluating a design answer?
Does it work?
Does it meet the design brief?
Will modifications improve the solution?

49. Review
When is troubleshooting a good method to use? Troubleshooting is useful when you know what the problem is, but you do not know what is causing it.

50. Review
What are the elements of design? Line, shape and form, texture, and color

51. Review
The relationship between the sizes of two things is called _____. A. balance B. proportion C. harmony D. contrast

52. Review
What is style? Style is a feature or quality that is typical of designs created by a specific person or during a specific time period.

53. Review
What are the five basic types of design decisions? Conceptual, marketing, technical, construction, and aesthetic

54. Glossary Balance Brainstorming Complementary colors
In design, the arrangement of mass over the space used. The three types of balance are symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial.
Brainstorming
A group problem-solving method of generating new ideas in which everyone’s ideas are welcome and no idea is too crazy.
Complementary colors
Contrasting colors; colors found on opposite sides of the color wheel.

55. Glossary Contrast Design brief Designer
A clearly evident difference between two things.
Design brief
A statement that clearly describes the design problem to be solved.
Designer
A person who creates and carries out plans for new products and structures.

56. Glossary Design problem Design process Elements of design
A situation or condition that can be solved or improved through the application of technology.
Design process
An orderly set of steps or skills used to generate and develop design ideas. The actual process varies depending on the design problem.
Elements of design
The things you see when you look at an object, including line, shape and form, texture, and color.

57. Glossary Engineering design process Ergonomics Experimentation
A design process used to design an item that is scientific or technical in nature.
Ergonomics
The study of how a person, the products used, and the environment (our surroundings) can best be fitted together.
Experimentation
Trying different ideas to solve a problem to see which one works best.

58. Glossary Form Function Harmony
A three-dimensional representation of an object.
Function
What an object does or how it works; a functional object or product solves the problem described in the design brief.
Harmony
A condition in which chosen colors or designs naturally go together.

59. Glossary Innovation Invention Lines
The process of modifying an existing product or system to improve it.
Invention
The process of turning ideas and creativity into new devices and systems.
Lines
Design elements that describe the edges or contours (outlines) of shapes; they show how an object will look when it has been made.

60. Glossary Model Pattern Primary colors
A three-dimensional likeness of an object that is used to communicate design information and to evaluate a design.
Pattern
An element or shape repeated many times in a design.
Primary colors
The three colors of the spectrum (red, blue, and yellow) that cannot be created by mixing other colors.

61. Glossary Principles of design Proportion Prototype
The guidelines for combining the elements of design: balance, proportion, harmony and contrast, pattern, movement and rhythm, and unity and style.
Proportion
The relationship between the sizes of two things.
Prototype
The first working version of the designer’s solution to a problem.

62. Glossary Rhythm Secondary color Shape Style
A quality or feeling of movement, provided by repeating patterns.
Secondary color
A color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors.
Shape
A two-dimensional representation of an object.
Style
A feature or quality that is typical of designs created by a specific person or during a specific time period.

63. Glossary Sustainable design Tertiary color Texture
A design that has little or no negative impact on the environment and society.
Tertiary color
A color obtained by mixing a primary color with a secondary color.
Texture
A design element that determines the way a surface feels or looks.

64. Glossary Troubleshooting Unity
Systematically eliminating possible causes to a problem to isolate the actual cause.
Unity
A sense of belonging or similarity between objects or parts of an object.