1. Central Processing Unit
CPU or Processor

2. Central Processing Unit
Components
Control Unit
Arithmetic & Logic Unit

3. Central Processing Unit
Control Unit
Reads & Interprets Program Instructions
Directs the Operation of the Processor
Controls the flow of programs and data into and out of memory

4. Central Processing Unit
Arithmetic & Logic Unit
Arithmetic:
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division
Logic:
Comparisons

5. Central Processing Unit
Machine Cycle
Fetch
Decode
Execute
Store

6. Central Processing Unit
Fetch
Calls an instruction into memory

7. Central Processing Unit
Decode
Figures out what the instruction is trying to do

8. Central Processing Unit
Execute
Does the decoded instruction
Add 2+2

9. Central Processing Unit
Store
Puts the answer 4 into memory for use by another instruction

10. Central Processing Unit
Clock Cycle
A Crystal Oscillator on the Motherboard
It paces the machine cycle

11. Central Processing Unit
Clock Cycle
Measured in MHz or GHz
Megahertz = 1,000,000 cycles/sec
Gigahertz = 1,000,000,000 cycles/sec

12. Central Processing Unit
Clock Cycle
One clock cycle is calculated by dividing 1 by the MHz or GHz
Example: (800 MHz CPU)
1/800,000,000 = or
1.25 nanoseconds (nano = billionth)
(1.25 billionths of a second)

13. Central Processing Unit
Clock Cycle
The shorter the clock cycle the faster the processor

14. Central Processing Unit
Pipelining
Executing multiple instructions at the same time
FETCH
DECODE
EXECUTE
STORE
Instruction 1
Instruction 2
Instruction 3
Instruction 4

15. Central Processing Unit
Parallel Processing
Multiple processors work together to complete a set of instructions
CPU 01
Control
CPU
Answer
CPU 02

16. Central Processing Unit
Dual-Core
A dual-core CPU combines two independent processors and their respective caches and cache controllers onto a single silicon chip

17. Central Processing Unit
Dual-Core

18. Central Processing Unit
Dual-Core Advantages
Less Power
Less Space
Better Performance

19. Central Processing Unit
Dual-Core Disadvantages
Require Different OS
Scalability more limited
Lower production yields

20. Central Processing Unit
INTEL
AMD
TRANSMETA
MOTOROLA

21. Central Processing Unit
INTEL

22. Central Processing Unit
AMD

23. Central Processing Unit
TRANSMETA

24. Central Processing Unit
MOTOROLA & IBM

25. Central Processing Unit
Questions

26. Central Processing Unit
Assignment 01
Explain the difference between the Intel Dual-Core and AMD Dual-Core CPUS. What makes them different.
Double-Spaced, 12pt Font, w/References
Due: Wed Sept 7th