1. Decreasing Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care 
Richard J. Powers, MD, David W. Wirtschafter, MD 
Clinics in Perinatology 
Volume 37, Issue 1, Pages (March 2010)
DOI: /j.clp
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Scanning electron microscopy images show the rim (arrow 1) and a small part of the access port (arrow 2) of a connector that has been used on an intensive care patient. (From Ryder M. Improve CRBSI prevention: target intraluminal risks. Executive Healthcare Management 2009; Issue 8; with permission. Available at:
Clinics in Perinatology  , DOI: ( /j.clp )
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Higher magnifications reveal that large areas of the rim are covered with a dense biofilm. (From Ryder M, Schaudinn C, Gorur A, et al. Microscopic evaluation of microbial colonization on needleless connectors. Publication Number 5-36, APIC Annual Education Conference, Denver, CO 2008; with permission.)
Clinics in Perinatology  , DOI: ( /j.clp )
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Biofilm visible inside needleless connector. (From Ryder M. Improve CRBSI prevention: target intraluminal risks. Executive Healthcare Management 2009; Issue 8; with permission. Available at:
Clinics in Perinatology  , DOI: ( /j.clp )
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions