1. Building Ownership Engaging government and civil society in diagnostic work
Francesca Recanatini, WBI
December 3, 2003

2. Outline
Governance and Anti-Corruption Diagnostic Surveys Implementation
Sierra Leone
Mozambique
Key components and challenges
Diagnostic Surveys
Action plan/strategy
Political economy issues
Local capacity

3. Process – An illustration
Stages for Development of the National
Anti-Corruption Strategy
7. Monitoring and Evaluation of NAS
Country Implemented
6. Implementation by Government
5. Revision of the NAS
WBI Technical Assistance
4. Public dissemination + discussion
3. Draft of the NAS
2. Diagnostic surveys + analysis
1. Establishment of Steering Committee
Key Partnership: Government + Civil Society

4. Governance and Anticorruption (GAC) Diagnostic Project: The Case of Sierra Leone

5. Sierra Leone – the process
Formal request for assistance in February 2002 from President of SL to the World Bank to develop a governance strategy
Creation of a Steering Committee under the Governance Reform Secretariat
ACC and GRS
Media
National Statistical Agency
NGOs
Donors
GRS already in charge of the public sector reform. Draft governance strategy already existed.

6. Challenges Post-conflict country Weak institutions Weak local capacity
To implement diagnostic
To analyze the results
To design policy
Sustainability

7. Objectives of the Diagnostic Study
Evaluate the performance of key public institutions and their effectiveness in service delivery
Determine the quality of public services
Determine the extent and impact of corruption
Analyse the management of resources and decision making in the public sector
Determine implications for good governance/public sector performance

8. The Process - steps taken by SC
Competitive selection of survey firm (July 2002)
Finalization of survey instruments (September 2002)
Definition of survey sample (September 2002; input from Statistical Agency)
Pilot test of surveys (October 2002)
Field work (October- January 2003)
Supervision of field work by SC, Statistical Agency and WBI

9. Sample Allocation A total of 3000 respondents originally targeted
2990 actually interviewed
Planned Actual
Households =
Businesses =
Public Officials =

10. The process, cont. First draft Report in April 2003
Final draft Report completed in September 2003
Report publicly launched by the Vice-President on October 28, 2003 at a National Workshop to draft a National Governance and Anti-Corruption strategy
Draft action plans designed during the National Workshop

11. Corruption in Sierra Leone
( )

12. Public funds are mismanaged (Sierra Leone)
% of Public Officials that said public fund irregularities are frequent

13. High amounts are spent on bribes
Amount Spent on Bribes to Obtain Services by Size of Firm
(as reported by managers)
Amount Spent on Bribes to Obtain Services by Household Income
(as reported by households)

14. The development of a participatory governance strategy
A few images from the National Workshop on Governance and Anti-corruption, Freetown, October 28-29, 2003.

20. Sierra Leone, cont.
Key areas identified during the Workshop for reform:
inadequate structural environment, unclear institutions and laws
ineffective law enforcement
weak monitoring mechanisms
inadequate role of the civil society and the media
non-transparent management of public resources
need for capacity building

21. A coordinate effort in an ongoing process
Use of PETS and other diagnostic works to assess the quality of governance and institutions
GAC results as an input for the Institutional Reform and Capacity Building Project (Nov. 2003: pre-appraisal; May 2004: at the board)

22. Sierra Leone – next steps
To compile a draft of the National Governance Strategy
To disseminate and review the report and the draft strategy at 4 regional Workshops by February 2004
To finalize National Governance Strategy by April 2004
To implement the National Governance Strategy

23. Challenges ahead
Delay in the implementation process and loss of momentum and political will
Upcoming local elections (May 2004)
Regional instability
Manipulation of the results and the process

24. Governance and Anticorruption (GAC) Diagnostic Project: The Case of Mozambique
Mozambique as an example of great institutional arrangements in place before the launching of the diagnostic surveys; and of governance as a component of a greater public sector reform plan
Sierra Leone as an illustration of commitment of the country to the process; donor coordination and participation of various stakeholders

25. 2002 Mozambique Governance Indicators Compared to Regional Averages

26. Mozambique: GAC Diagnostic
In 2001, the Government of Mozambique (GoM) approved a Global Strategy for Public Sector Reform, as the groundwork for its Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty
To oversee the implementation of the reform, the GoM established:
CIRESP = Inter-Ministerial Committee for Public Sector Reform
UTRESP = Technical Unit for Public Sector Reform

27. UTRESP: ESTRUTURA E ORGANIZAÇÃO
CIRESP
Secretários
Permanentes e
Províncias
DIRECTOR
UTRESP
Assessoria
Técnica e
Apolo
Financeiro
Secretariado
Assesor
Finanças
Procurement
Gestão
Mundança
Monitoria/
Avaliação
Salários &
Financas
Governação
Quick Wins

28. Mozambique: GAC Diagnostic
The Public Sector Reform Strategy comprises six major components:
Strengthening service delivery through decentralization and institutional restructuring
Policy formulation and monitoring
Public Sector professionalism
Financial management and accountability
Good governance and combating corruption
Management of the reform process itself

29. Mozambique, cont.
UTRESP prepared a Governance and Anticorruption Strategy in October 2001 with the implementation of a GAC Diagnostic being the core component
UTRESP is responsible for the GAC diagnostic surveys, preparing an analytical report, and disseminating the results
A Technical Committee - composed of: GPR, GPM, INE, MPF, MJ, MAE, PGR, TA, TS, UEM, a public company, CTA, AR, a civil society organisation, a journalist, and a representative of the International Community – oversees the surveys

30. Mozambique, cont.
The Director of UTRESP chairs the Technical Committee
The Technical Committee should:
Evaluate proposals and select the survey firm;
Approve the survey questionnaires;
Monitor the progress of the survey and approve the final report;
Approve the approach to inform, educate and communicate the results of the survey to the public;
Propose policies or measures to improve governance and reduce corruption

31. Mozambique: GAC Diagnostic
The results of the GAC diagnostics will help identify priority areas for reform and be used to revise and finalize the A-C strategy of the GoM
The GAC comprises 3 surveys of Households, Enterprises and Public Officials to evaluate the extent, mechanisms and costs of corruption
The Technical Committee will manage the implementation of the diagnostic surveys which were launched on Nov. 27, 2003

32. SURVEY OBJECTIVES
To learn about citizen’s concerns with respect to governance and corruption issues as well as the quality of services delivered by the public sector in Mozambique
To identify measures to help strengthen the public sector reform process

33. METHODOLOGY
The GAC diagnostic will be representative – Public Officials, 500 Companies, and 2500 Families; it will have the following phases:
Preparation of questionnaires based upon a model supplied by UTRESP;
Pre-survey pilot testing of the questionnaires
Data collection and analysis
Preliminary report
Discussion of the survey results in several workshops across the country
Final report
Recommendations of the Technical Committee

34. Creation of a national database
INTENDED RESULTS
Empirical information to help the Government formulate policies and programmes designed to improve the delivery of government services and to reduce corruption
Creation of a national database
Baseline performance indicators that will provide for the periodic monitoring of change (progress, no change, or regress).
The survey will be repeated biannually

35. DONOR SUPPORT
DFID of the United Kingdom has made a firm commitment to fund the survey
Other Donors have promised additional financial support for the dissemination of the report
The WBI has committed to proide technical assistance for the data collection and analysis
Government has undertaken to provide counterpart support in the FY 2003 Budget