1. DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF HELPING
(CARKHUFF)

2. HELPEE’S PROCESS (INTRAPERSONAL)
INVOLVEMENT
EXPLORATION
UNDERSTANDING
ACTION

3. HELPER’S PROCESS (INTERPERSONAL)
ATTENDING
RESPONDING
PERSONALIZING
INITIATING

4. EGAN’S HELPING MODEL STAGE 1- WHAT’S GOING ON?-CLARIFYING THE PROBLEM
STAGE 2-WHAT SOLUTIONS MAKE SENSE FOR THE CONSUMER?-HELPING CONSUMERS DETERMINE OUTCOMES
STAGE 3-WHAT DOES THE CONSUMER HAVE TO DO TO GET WHAT HE OR SHE NEEDS OR WANTS?-DEVELOPING STRATEGIES FOR ACCOMPLISHING GOALS

5. EGAN’S HELPING MODEL TAKING ACTION-HOW DOES THE CONSUMER GET RESULTS?
HOW IS THE CONSUMER DOING?-ONGOING EVALUATION OF THE HELPING PROCESS

6. BASIC HELPING SKILLS (MICROCOUNSELING SKILLS TRAINING)
(IVEY)

7. SKILLS ATTENDING QUESTIONING MINIMAL ENCOURAGERS PARAPHRASING
REFLECTION OF FEELING
SUMMARIZATION
INTEGRATION