1. Chapter 1 Healthy Lifestyles OBJECTIVES: PAGE 1
Describe what Healthy People 2010 is meant to do.
Lost five public health issues related to Healthy People 2010.
Discuss how the health status of a population is measured.
State one health issue or goal for each stage of the life cycle.
Discuss the role of the nurse or health care worker in worldwide health improvement.
Discuss the role of the nurse or health care worker in achieving Healthy People 2010 objectives.
Healthy People 2010 is a 10-year report card issued by the United States Depart of Health & Human Services (USDHHS) concerning what has been accomplished in the area of health care in the United States and what is yet to be accomplished in the next 10 years.
Healthy People 2010 identifies leading health indicators that are of concern in health maintenance.
Leading Health Indicators
Physical activity
Obesity
Tobacco Use
Substance Abuse
Responsible Sexual Behavior
Injury & Violence
Mental Health
Environmental quality
Access to Health Care

2. History of Health Care
Early civilization believed that illness was due to natural or supernatural forces or the result of wrongdoing
Used incantations, charms or herbs, magic, or folk remedies
6th century BC: medical schools established
Hippocrates: first physician to believe that nature had a healing component
Can you name some ‘natural’ remedies?
Grandma Herman’s Cough Syrup: ½ tsp whiskey/1 tsp of honey/dash of lemon
Put meat tenderizer on area where a stinger from a bee, wasp or hornet has been removed: Remove the stinger by brushing a plastic credit card across the skin

3. History of Health Care (continued)
Middle Ages: medicine and religion were interwoven
19th century: bacteriology developed
20th century: infectious diseases were major causes of deaths, but marked improvements were seen in
Sanitation
Water
Food
Quality of life
Use of vaccines and antibiotics
When was the first antibiotic created and by whom?
1928 Sr. Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin
In the 19th century, the development of bacteriology helped in the understanding of the disease process.

4. Health Care Today Improvements continue to limit the number of deaths
Old diseases resurface TB
Measles
New infections appear
HIV/AIDS
Ebola
Drug-resistant strains of organisms
TEST QUESTION: What infection has recently resurfaced despite improvements and advancements in health care? TUBERCULOSIS

5. Contributions to Longevity
Motor vehicle safety
Advances in diagnosis and treatment for heart disease and stroke
Improvements in safety
Advancements in maternal child care
Better nutrition
Improved hygiene
Improved technology
Recognition of risks with tobacco use
Improved genetic counseling
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: Future national goal for health is Elimination of disparities in health care.

6. Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Indicators
Mental health
Injury and violence
Environmental quality
Immunization
Access to health care
Overweight and obesity
Tobacco use
Substance use
Physical activity
Responsible sexual behavior

7. Health Care Delivery Early beginnings 19th–20th centuries 21st century
Managed care
PCP
HMO
PPO
POS
MANAGED CARE: An organization that standardized medical practice guidelines to maintain quality of care provided while at the same time controlling costs of health care.
PCP: Primary Care Provider
HMO: Health Maintenance Organization – A group medical practice that offers prepaid care to members
PPO: Preferred Provider Organization – An organization that contracts with professionals to provide care to a specific group of patients at an agreed-upon fee-for-service rate.

8. Concept of Health
WHO definition: “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
Holistic health
Physical
Psychological
Social
Cognitive
Environmental influences
WHO: World Health Organization

9. Health
Health: a balance of internal and external forces leading to optimal functioning
Health promotion: directed toward increasing one’s optimal level of wellness
Health maintenance: focuses on prevention
Health restoration: to restore function and compensate for losses

10. Healthy Lifestyle Practices
Good nutrition
Exercise
Mental health
Substance avoidance
Disease prevention

11. Empowerment Empowerment is a form of self-responsibility Components
Recognize own needs
Solve problems
Gain sense of control
Access resources

12. Healthy Lifestyles Nutrition Exercise Mental health
Stress and anxiety responses
Avoidance of substance abuse
A healthy self-concept

13. Roles of the Nurse in Health Promotion
Caregiver
Teacher
Advocate
Collaborator
Role model
Most important nursing role in health promotion is EDUCATION – Role of the Teacher
**Teaching safe health practices** is the ROLE OF THE NURSE – TEST QUESTION
COLLABORATOR: Sharing and exchanging information with other health professionals – TEST QUESTION

14. Levels of Disease Prevention
Primary (health promotion)
Basic hygiene, nutrition, exercise, immunizations, and regular
check-ups
Secondary
Early diagnosis, screening, and treatment
Tertiary (health restoration)
Restore person to optimal functioning

15. Chapter Challenge Name factors that promote a healthy lifestyle
Explain why empowerment helps foster good health
Distinguish between the three levels of disease prevention
Factors that promote a healthy lifestyle:
Balance internal and external forces which lead to optimal functioning
Goal directed with objectives clear
How empowerment helps foster good health:
1. The concept of health is holistic in approach and includes not only physical aspects but also
psychological, social, cognitive, and environmental influences. Empowering clients to make better choices gives them power over illness and disease.
List two factors that interfere with people’s ability to change their personal habits.
Lack of motivation and lack of information or education can hinder peoples’ ability to change
their habits.
Distinguish between the three levels of disease prevention:
Primary prevention
a. Taking vitamins
b. Teaching breast self-examination
c. Providing dental care
2. Secondary prevention d. Giving PT
e. Doing range-of-motion exercises
f. Giving immunizations
3. Tertiary prevention
g. Joining AA

16. Case Study
John and Lauren Barnes have recently married. The young couple wants advice on what factors they should consider important to their health and to the health of their future children. Both individuals work full-time jobs. John sometimes works overtime, and Lauren attends school at night. Neither has time most evenings to sit down to a regular meal; usually they both grab a bite to eat on the run in some fast-food restaurant. Since the wedding, both have gained about 8 pounds. The couple is saving some money, and, with company advancements and moving up the corporate ladder, they hope to have a large enough “nest egg” to start their family.
1. What health concerns would you have for this family?
Poor Nutrition
Lack of exercise
Potential for Obesity
Stress of job/school – what is done to reduce stress?
Prenatal vitamins – at least folic acid if considering pregnancy: Getting to ideal weight before getting pregnant