1. History of DNA
Biology
Mrs. Harper
2/7/18

2. November 30, 2015
Download notes
Begin working on Do Now

3. Do Now 2/7/18
What is one interesting thing you did over Thanksgiving Break?
What does DNA stand for?
Which macromolecule is DNA an example of?
Amino acids make up which macromolecule?
Which organelle holds our DNA?
What is the monomer of DNA?

4. DNA: Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid The Genetic Material
Introduction to DNA

5. DNA What does DNA stand for? What is the function of DNA?
Deoxyribo- nucleic acid
type of nucleic acid
RNA is other type
What is the function of DNA?
To store genetic material
Where is DNA found?
DNA is found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells

6. The History of DNA
From

7. Searching for Genetic Material
Gregor Mendel (1866):
Discovered heritable traits (genes)
Freidrich Miescher (1868):
Isolated something new from the nuclei of eukaryotic cells (DNA)

8. Searching for Genetic Material
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1910):
Discovered genes are located on chromosomes

9. Searching for Genetic Material
Fredrick Griffith (1928):
Studied effects of virulent (virus-causing) bacteria vs. nonvirulent bacteria injected into mice
believed that the transforming agent was an inheritance molecule.

10. Non-virulent vs. Virulent Bacteria
ROUGH: harmless
SMOOTH:
kill

11. NOT HARMFUL/BENIGN
BAD/HARMFUL

12. Searching for Genetic Material

13. Searching for Genetic Material
Avery, MacLeod, & McCarty (1944):
Reported that “transforming agent” in Griffith's experiment was DNA.
Used bacteria (NOT mice)

15. Discovering the Structure of DNA
Edwin Chargaff (1950)
Discovered a 1:1 ratio of adenine (A) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to cytosine (C) in DNA samples
Chargaff’s Rules
A = T
C = G

16. Searching for Genetic Material
Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase (1952)
Confirmed DNA (not protein) molecule of heredity
Used bacteriophages (viruses)

17. Searching for Genetic Material Hershey and Chase Experiment

18. Discovering the structure of DNA
Photo 51
Rosalind Franklin
(1952)
Obtained sharp X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA (Photo 51)

20.  X-rays passing through a helix diffract at angles perpendicular to helix making an "X" pattern, which favors an equal diameter "helix".

21. Discovering the structure of DNA
James Watson & Francis Crick (1953)
Discovered double helix structure
Solved the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecule
Watson Constructing Bair Pairs movie

22. DNA Structure Made up of nucleotides Phosphate group Five carbon sugar
Nitrogen base

23. Assignment Complete the assignment independently on Code Red
For the timeline be sure to include the year, the scientist and a description of the discovery
Example:
Gregor Mendel
-Discovered heritable traits (genes)
1866