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The Effective Mutation Rate at Y Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats, with Application to Human Population-Divergence Time Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Peter A. Underhill, Cengiz Cinnioğlu, Manfred Kayser, Bharti Morar, Toomas Kivisild, Rosaria Scozzari, Fulvio Cruciani, Giovanni Destro-Bisol, Gabriella Spedini, Geoffrey K. Chambers, Rene J. Herrera, Kiau Kiun Yong, David Gresham, Ivailo Tournev, Marcus W. Feldman, Luba Kalaydjieva The American Journal of Human Genetics Volume 74, Issue 1, Pages (January 2004) DOI: /380911 Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 Network of Maori haplotypes (without loci DYS439, DYS388, and DYSA7.2). The number of chromosomes is shown in parentheses (see table 1). The American Journal of Human Genetics , 50-61DOI: ( /380911) Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 Distribution of mutation rates at Y chromosome STRs. Black columns indicate estimates inferred from the present study; white columns indicate estimates from pedigree and familial studies. The American Journal of Human Genetics , 50-61DOI: ( /380911) Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions
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Figure 3 Genetic differentiation among the Polynesian populations. The time between the nodes was computed as ΔTD=(D′1−D′1)/2w (Zhivotovsky 2001), where D′1 is the average value of D1 for population pairs (Samoans/Maoris and Samoans/Cook Islanders), and D′′1 is for the Maoris/Cook Islanders comparison. The American Journal of Human Genetics , 50-61DOI: ( /380911) Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions
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Figure 4 Genetic differentiation among the Bulgarian Gypsy populations. The time between the nodes was computed as for that in figure 3. The American Journal of Human Genetics , 50-61DOI: ( /380911) Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions
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