1. Focus on People with Disabilities.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo
World Bank.
“Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry People.”
Beijing
18 October 2007.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

2. Introduction
Estimated that there are 650 million people with disabilities in the world.
An estimated 260 million people with disabilities living in absolute poverty.
1 in 5 people living on less than a $1 a day have a disability.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

3. Defining disability Disability is not simply a medical condition.
It is about barriers- physical barriers, programmatic barriers, or cultural barriers- stigma and social exclusion.
Disability grows out of an interaction between human functioning & an environment which does not account for different levels of functioning.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

4. Social Understanding of Disability
Recognizes that people are disadvantaged not by their impairments, but as a result of the limitations imposed on them by barriers to their participation in society: social, cultural, economic, and environmental, because they have an impairment.
This is what is disabling.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

5. Discrimination and Exclusion of People with Disabilities
Exists everywhere.
It varies from
country to country,
even from
community to
community.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

6. Disability and Social Exclusion.
Their socio- economic status is often compounded and linked to the lack of opportunities for exercising influence or participating in society because of discrimination, negative attitudes and prejudice.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

7. A vicious cycle
Disability and poverty form a vicious circle, where disability leads to poverty, and poverty creates the conditions that can generate more disability.
Disability affects not just the person with a disability, but their families and communities.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

8. Impact on Families
Uganda – children living in households where a person with disability is the head are less likely to attend school.
Nicaragua – families with members who are significantly disabled spend 10 hours per day caring for disabled family member
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

9. More Examples…
Uganda –heads of households with a disability are 38% more likely to be poor
Guyana – unemployment rate for disabled adults is 67%
Serbia – 70% of people with disabilities are poor
Sri Lanka – 90% of people with a disability are poor.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

10. What policies have been successful?
Disability is a cross cutting issue & affects all aspects of planning.
Innovation & flexibility- stepping outside of the box.
Typical those that have involved people with disabilities.
Multi-sectoral approaches.
A twin track approach
Comprehensive & inclusive policies
Safety nets- well targeted!
CBR.
Micro credit schemes
CCT’s .
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

11. The role of the State
Develop comprehensive policies, norms and standards.
Strengthen mechanisms to monitor implementation.
Collect data on disability.
Scale up best practices.
Ratify the CRPD.
Creating an enabling environment
Generating more knowledge of disability issues
Ability to identify, argue for synergies.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

12. Increased Focus of PRSPs on Disabilities
SNAKEOIL
In another example,
DPOs and organizations working in the field of disability in Bangladesh, Honduras
three main stages:
formulation,
implementation,
monitoring and
evaluation
Example:
Tanzania
PRSP document
revised several times
and Sierra Leone prepared position papers on their respective draft PRSPs
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

13. Tanzania In 2005 -published its 2nd PRSP.
Involvement of Disabled People’s Organizations during the review and formulation process
Inclusive of disability dimension.
A success but not perfect.
DPOs nevertheless discovered various weaknesses in the document: it does not consider all aspects, and the implementation and monitoring stages are still vague.
Other African countries that make reference to People with disabilities in their PRSPs are :
BURKINO FASO (2004)
BENIN- (2002) makes specific reference to community based rehabilitation for people with disabilities BURUNDI makes reference to rehab (2006)
CAMEROON (2003) makes reference to legal and policy reform for people with disabilities.
CAPO VERDE (2004)
CENTRAL AFRICAN REBUPLIC (2002)
CHAD (2003)
COMOROS (2005) makes reference to specific disabilities like polio, leprosy- very medical model inclined
DRC (2006) Disabled persons. The following actions are contemplated: (i) establishment of a national and grassroots-based readjustment program; (ii) improvement in the economic and social standing of disabled persons, and combating the prejudices against them; (iii) promotion of education and training for the disabled; and (iv) improvements in the health and mobility situations of persons with disabilities.
CONGO REPUBLIC (2004)
Cote d’Ivoire (2002)
Ethiopia (2002)
GAMBIA (2002) reference to specific disabilities polio and leprosy medial model
GHANA (2003)
GUINEA (2006)
GUINEA BISSAU (2000)
KENYA (2003)
LESOTHO (2006)
MALAWI (2006)
MALI (2002)
MAURITANIA (2006)
MOZAMBIQUE (2006)
NIGER (2002)
NIGERIA (2005)
RWANDA (2002)
SENEGAL (2005) mentions priority actions for people with disabilities.
SIERRE LEONE (2005)
TANZANIA (2005)
UGANDA (2005)
ZAMBIA (2002) 4.
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

14. Some Entry points… Institutional level Policy level
Programs and project level
Community level
There is no silver bullet.
It does require participation….
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

15. Social networks of People with Disabilities
Strengthen DPO’s
Support advocacy and lobbying
Secure linkage with Govt. Depts,
inclusive policy
Comm
unity
Strengthening of DPO/SHGs
Social action
People with disabilities are generally invisible and thus the importance of social networking because as central part of ensuring that there is voice and that visibility is gained.
SHG
Support individuals
Involve family members
Provide relevant information
Sfas
SHGs
SHGs
SHGs
SHGs
SHGs
Individual level
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People

16. Key messages The need for more analytical research.
The dominant issue is empowerment and not pity.
The MDG’s will not be met if we do not include disability.
There are things happening
But we need to leapfrog it!
Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People