1. Glycolysis Overview Occurs in the cytoplasm Not-oxygen dependant
Breaks down 1 glucose into 2 pyruvate
Requires 10 steps, each with its own enzyme….click here for animation of these 10 steps (you do NOT need to memorize all 10, but it would be good for you to see the real process).

4. Glycolysis Overview
Oxidation of glucose (6 carbons) to two pyruvate (3 carbons) is coupled to the reduction of ADP to ATP

5. Glycolysis Overview Major phases Animation Energy investment Lysis
Energy harvesting
Animation

6. Energy Investment Phase
Glucose is phosphorylated twice
Requires the INVESTMENT of two ATP molecules

7. Lysis
The phosphorylated glucose is broken into two triose-phosphate molecules (called G3P)

8. Energy harvesting phase
each G3P has an inorganic phosphate group added (Pi).
Simultaneously, NAD+ gains H and 2e- to become NADH
G3P Pi
NAD+
Removes
H+ and 2 e-
to become
NADH Pi Pi

9. How NAD+ works

10. Energy harvesting phase
In a series of reactions, each molecule is converted into a pyruvate, generating two ATPs per conversion, for a total of four ATPs

12. FIGURE 8-2 (part 2) The essentials of glycolysis
(2) Energy harvest: The two G3P molecules undergo a series of reactions that generate four ATP and two NADH molecules. Thus, glycolysis results in a net production of two ATP and two NADH molecules per glucose molecule.

13. In glycolysis, ATP is formed via Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Creation of ATP by the direct transfer and donation of a phosphate group to ADP

14. Summary of glycolysis:
Each molecule of glucose is broken down to two molecules of pyruvate
A net of two ATP molecules and two NADH (high-energy electron carriers) are formed

15. Animations
Smith
McGraw Hill

16. Assessment Statements
3.7.2: State that, in cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of ATP.
8.1.2: Outline the process of glycolysis, including phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP formation.