Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byDamian Skinner Modified over 6 years ago
1
Muscular System The body has more than 600 muscles that make up 40 to 45% of the body’s weight
2
Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscle Striated Voluntary
Dark and light bands in fibers Voluntary Conscious control over these muscles
3
Cardiac Muscles Indistinctly striated Involuntary
4
Smooth Muscle Also called visceral muscle Unstriated Involuntary
No dark and light bands Involuntary
5
Smooth Muscle Tissue Located: Walls of internal organs
Respiratory and digestive tracts Digestive tract=peristalsis Wavelike movement Causes contents to be propelled onward
6
Muscle Function
7
Muscle Function Movement of: Provide and maintain posture
Body Blood Food Waste Provide and maintain posture Protect internal organs Provide heat
8
How Muscles Are Named
9
How Muscles are Named Muscle origin Muscle insertion
Place where muscle begins End where movement does not occurs Muscle insertion Place where muscle ends End where movement occurs
10
How Muscles are Named Size Shape Direction of fibers Location Number
Maximus Minimus Shape Deltoid Trapezius Direction of fibers Rectus Oblique Location Anterior Posterior Bone Number Bi Tri Quad
11
Muscle Characteristics
Irritability Ability to respond to stimulus Contractibility Ability to shorten Extensibility Ability to stretch and lengthen Elasticity Ability to return to original length at rest
12
Muscle Characteristics
Muscle tone Partial state of contraction Balanced muscle tension required to hold body in position
13
Attachment of Muscle Tissue
Tendons: While ligaments attach bone to bone, muscles are attached to bones by bands of fibrous tissue called tendons. Fascia: A sheet of tough fibrous tissue that wraps around an individual muscle.
14
Muscle Movement Pull never push on bones Always cross a joint
Work in pairs: Prime mover (agonist): pulls to cause movement Antagonist: relaxes when agonist pulls
15
Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Flexion: Decrease angle between two bones or bending a limb at a joint Elbow bent and lower arm brought upward Plantar flexion: bending foot forward Dorsiflexion: bending foot toward knee
16
Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Extension Increase angle between two bones or straightening out a limb Elbow straightened and lower arm downward
17
Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Abduction Movement away from body midline Arm moves outward, away from side of body Adduction Movement toward midline of body Arm moves inward, toward side of body
18
Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Rotation Circular or semi-circular movement around an axis Turning head side to side
19
Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Pronation: Turning hand downward Supination: Turning hand upward
20
Pathology of the Muscular System
21
Muscle atrophy Weakening and wasting away of muscle tissue
Occurs with paralysis Can lead to contractures: Joint remains in flexed position
22
Muscular dystrophy Gradual atrophy of muscle tissue Genetic disease
No cure Treatment: Braces Corrective surgery
23
Muscular Dystrophy
24
Fibromyalgia A group of muscle disorders affecting the tendons, ligaments, and fibrous tissues Myalgia common Treatment: reduce stress and exercise
25
Hernia The abnormal protrusion of a body part into another body area
Result from weakness in or injury to stomach muscles Treatment: bracing or surgery
26
Hernia
27
Poliomyelitis A viral infection resulting in paralysis of muscles
Prevented by vaccination No cure
28
Tetanus AKA “lock jaw” Caused by toxin produced by bacterial infection
Produces uncontrolled muscle spasms Treatment: antibiotics antitoxin Prevention: immunization
29
Muscle Strain Torn or stretched tendons and muscles causing pain
It is caused by muscles being used too suddenly or for too long. Symptoms include pain and swelling from bleeding inside the muscle. Treatment involves rest, elevation, and alternating hot and cold applications.
30
Muscle Movement
31
Muscle Movement Quadriceps Extends lower leg Flexes hip
32
Muscle Movement Deltoid Abduct arm
33
Muscle Movement Trapezius Shrug shoulder
34
Muscle Movement Gastrocnemius Stand on tiptoe (plantar flexion)
35
Muscle Movement Sternocleidomastoid Rotates head
36
Muscle Movement External obliques Rectus abdominus Bending to the side
Sit up
37
Muscle Movement Sartorius Flexes hip & knee
38
Muscle Movement Intercostals muscle inhaling
39
Muscle Movement Biceps brachii Flexes lower arm
40
Muscle Movement Triceps brachii Extends lower arm Used for push ups
41
Muscle Movement Biceps femoris and Semitendenosis Hamstrings
Flex lower leg
42
Muscle Movement Gluteus maximus Extend hip
43
Muscle Movement Tibialis anterior Flex foot
44
Muscle Movement Flexor carpi Flex wrist
45
Muscle Movement Pectoralis major Adducts upper arm
46
Muscle Movement Latissimus dorsi Adducts upper arm
47
The End
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.