1. Joints
AKA Articulations

2. Kinds of joints Synarthroses – no movement
Amphiarthroses – slight movement
Diarthroses – free movement

3. synarthroses Fibrous connective tissue grows between the bones
No significant movement between bones
Ex.sutures

4. amphiarthroses Cartilage connects the bones
Ex. Symphysis pubis, vertebrae
Herniated disk – when the disk between the vertebrae is pushed into the spinal canal and pushes on the spinal cord

5. diarthroses
Includes most joints, allows for movement

6. Types of diarthrotic joints
Ball and socket – hip and shoulder, widest range of motion
Hinge – movement in 2 directions (flexion and extension), elbow, knee, fingers
Pivot – small projection of 1 bone pivots in an arch of another (rotation) atlas/axis
Saddle joints – metacarpal bone of thumb and carpal bone, only 1 pair, opposable thumb
Gliding – least movable, gliding movements between vertebrae
Condyloid – oval projection fits in elliptical socket, wrist

7. Diarthrotic Joint – the Knee

8. Diartrotic joint structure
Joint capsule – fibrous connective tissue, fits over 2 connecting bones, lined with synovial fluid.
Ligament – connect bone to bone, fibrous connective tissue
Articular cartilage – layer over ends of bones, protection
Synovial membrane – secretes fluid, allows for easier movement, less friction

9. Joint movements Flexion – reduce angle of joint
Extension –increase angle of joint
Rotation – spin a bone relative to another
Circumduction- moving distal end while keeping proximal end stable
Abduction – move away from midline, increase angle of joint
Adduction – moving part toward midline, decrease angle of joint