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DNA The Blueprint of Life
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What is DNA DNA = Deoxyribose nucleic acid Present in all living cells
Contains all the information
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Where is DNA found?
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What makes up DNA? Nucleotides: a subunit that consists of:
a sugar (deoxyribose) a phosphate and one nitrogen base – 4 different bases Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C)
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A Quick History Discovery of the DNA double helix
A. Frederick Griffith – Discovers that a factor in diseased bacteria can transform harmless bacteria into deadly bacteria (1928) B. Rosalind Franklin - X-ray photo of DNA. (1952) C. Watson and Crick - described the DNA molecule from Franklin’s X-ray. (1953)
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Discovering the structure of DNA
Erwin Chargaff – ( ) Columbia University, NY Investigated the composition of DNA His findings by 1950 strongly suggested the base-pairings of A-T & G-C Met with Watson and Crick in 1952 and shared his findings “Chargaff’s rule” A = T & C = G
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Chargaff’s Rule Adenine must pair with Thymine
Guanine must pair with Cytosine Their amounts in a given DNA molecule will be about the same. T A G C
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A series of 3 letters in a group.
Codons G A T T A C C T A A T G A series of 3 letters in a group.
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DNA Replication
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DNA replication – helix unzips
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DNA replication – two strands are separated
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DNA replication – each side is now a template
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DNA replication – two identical strands of DNA
Original DNA strands
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DNA replication- you try it!
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Genetic Mutation Game
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