1. Attention and Learning
We can only take in so much…

2. Overview of Lecture Basic Ideas Neural Basis of Attention
Filter Models of Attention
Capacity Model
The Cognitive Spotlight

3. Attention Basics Attention is selective. Attention is subtractive.
Experience may affect attention

4. Neural Basis of Attention: 3 Systems (Posner, 1995)
Subcortical system =
Parietal system =
Frontal system =

5. Filter Models of Attention: Early Selection Models
Broadbent’s Early Selection Model
On/Off switch- based on physical characteristics
Problems-
Treisman’s Attenuation Model
Like ‘volume’ knob
Allows for more than one input at the same time

6. Late Selection Models Deutsch and Deutsch
All sensory info activates meaning representations
Attention refers to what input is responded to
Recognition ≠ Awareness
These two models (early and late selection) are at a theoretical and practical impasse.

7. Capacity Model Different tasks require differing amounts of capacity
Attention = Allocation of resources
Cognitive effort increases later memory

8. Automaticity Practice can increase likelihood of automaticity.
Automatic tasks often result in reduced memory of the content of the task.

9. Multitasking Switching attention requires:
Goal shifting
Rule activation
Interrupted vs. Uninterrupted models
Rubenstein, Meyer, and Evans (2001)
Strayer and Johnston (2001)

10. Spotlight Theory Cognitive attention is like a spotlight.
Generator factors:

11. Spotlight Characteristics
Likes emotionally competent stimuli.
Wants to take breaks.
Processes meaning before detail.
Has difficulty multitasking.

12. So…where the heck are your keys?