2. Warm-up
Finish questions from energy budget activity
10.1 quiz

3. Our atmosphere

4. Greenhouse Effect
How we stay warm

5. The Sun’s energy reaches Earth through Radiation (heat traveling through Space)

6. When and where does the most intense Insolation occur?
What is Insolation?
The incoming solar radiation (energy from the Sun) that reaches Earth
When and where does the most intense Insolation occur?
Time of Day: Noon
Time of Year: June 21 (NH)
Where: Near the Equator

8. How much solar radiation reaches Earth?
The Earth’s surface only absorbs 51% of incoming solar radiation

9. Global Heat Budget
Condensation &
Energy is transferred from the Earth’s surface by radiation, conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation, and water condensation.
Ultimately, the Sun’s heat and Earth’s energy transfer is a major cause of weather.

10. Greenhouse Effect
The Process by which atmosphere gases absorb heat energy from the sun and prevent heat from leaving our atmosphere.
In other words, greenhouse gases trap heat energy and keep it close to earth.
3 Main Greenhouse Gases: CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2), Methane, and WATER VAPOR

11. Why are greenhouse gases so different from other gases?
They are better at trapping energy!
Nitrogen and oxygen (most of our atmosphere) don’t really interact with long or short wave energy
GHG can grab that energy then release it back

12. The (Atmospheric) Greenhouse Effect
Remember this chart?
In the atmosphere, gases such as H2O, CO2, CH4, CFC, etc., are capable of absorbing the terrestrial radiation (peaking at infrared wavelength) and re-radiate in all directions. Thus part of the re- radiation is sent back to the surface. This means that in the presence of these gases, the atmosphere will be warmer than without them. These gases thus play the role of glass panels in a greenhouse. Hence the name greenhouse gases. It is therefore reasonable to expect that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases will cause warming in the atmosphere.
Currently, CO2 is the main suspect of causing global warming because combustion of fossil fuel naturally injects CO2 into the atmosphere. Whereas other natural processes also inject CO2, the industrial combustion process seems to play a significant role in the concentration increase.
Examples of greenhouse gases: H2O, CO2, CH4, CFC.
Currently, CO2 is the main suspect of causing the global warming since the 20th century because combustion of fossil fuel naturally injects CO2 into the atmosphere and it has increased dramatically since last century.

15. Is the Greenhouse Effect Good or Bad?
It is necessary for life (good)- it keeps our climate toasty warm and prevents it from fluctuating (changing) too much.
It is bad when: there are too many greenhouse gasses and the climate gets warmer (GLOBAL WARMING)

16. Consider the Greenhouse effect on other planets
Mercury
-280 to 800 d.F
Venus
Stays around 800 d.F

17. What causes an Increase in Greenhouse gases?
1. CARBON DIOXIDE is added to the atmosphere when people burn coal, oil (gasoline), and natural gas FOSSIL FUELS, for transportation, factories, and electricity.

18. What else causes an increase in Greenhouse gases?
2. Deforestation, or the clearing of forests, also increases the amount of CARBON DIOXIDE in the air because in photosynthesis plants take in carbon dioxide and remove it from the atmosphere, they make oxygen.
NOT AS IMPORTANT AS FOSSIL FUELS
Old vs new carbon

19. What else causes an increase in Greenhouse gases?
3. Volcanoes, fires, and respiration (breathing) also add CO2 to the atmosphere.
These have natural checks to keep in balance

20. What else causes an increase in Greenhouse gases?
4. Methane is produced when garbage is buried in landfills, from animal waste (poop), and from other natural sources.

21. What else causes an increase in Greenhouse gases?
5. As temperatures increase, evaporation increases which adds water vapor.

22. 6. Man-made Sources of Greenhouse Gasses

23. Carbon Cycle Vocabulary
Carbon source: A place or entity that releases carbon into the atmosphere (e.g.: an organism performing cellular reparation, decaying organic matter, a power plant).
Carbon sink: A place or entity that removes or absorbs carbon from the atmosphere and stores it for a time (e.g.: a plant performing photosynthesis).
Carbon release agent: A trigger for the release of carbon (e.g.: A forest fire, a volcano).
Photosynthesis: The process by which organisms (plants, algae, and some bacteria) convert water and carbon dioxide into organic molecules using energy from the sun.
Cellular respiration: The process by which organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules such as glucose in the presence of oxygen.

27. LOOK…Is there a correlation between temperature and CO2 levels?

28. Is Global Warming Happening?
1. How much have global temperatures changed between 1980 and 2000?
2. How much are global temperatures expected to change between 2000 and 2100?

29. Is Global Warming Melting Ice Caps. 3
Is Global Warming Melting Ice Caps? 3. What percent of the polar ice caps have melted since 1979?

30. Is Sea Level Rising? 4. How much has sea level gone up since 1990?

31. 5. Is Global Warming Causing Stronger Storms?
Hurricanes get strength from warm ocean water. A warmer climate causes warmer ocean currents. We might see an increase in strong storms as a result of global warming.

33. Arctic Ice Sheet melting faster than predicted……