1. Methods for Determining the Relative and Absolute Age of Rocks
Geochronology
Methods for Determining the Relative and Absolute Age of Rocks

2. Relative Age Dating - Superposition

3. Principles of Faunal Succession and Faunal Assemblage
Index Fossils
- Widespread distribution
- Restricted, known time of existence
- Common to many environments

4. Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships

5. Global Time Markers Volcanic Ash Eruptions

6. Global Time Markers Magnetic Reversals

7. Global Time Markers Meteor Impacts
K-T Boundary
mudstone-impact layer
coal
K-T impact site

8. Global Time Markers Climate Change

9. Gaps in the Geological Record Unconformities

10. Creating Unconformities

11. Regional Correlation of Units Piecing the Rock Record Together

12. GEOPUZZLE 1

13. GEOPUZZLE 2

14. GEOPUZZLE 3

15. Some Geologic Rates Cutting of Grand Canyon 2 km/3 m.y. = 1 cm/15 yr
Uplift of Alps
5 km/10 m.y. = 1 cm/20 yr.
Opening of Atlantic
5000 km/180 m.y. = 2.8 cm/yr.
Uplift of White Mtns. (N.H.) Granites
8 km/150 m.y. = 1 cm/190 yr.

16. Some Geologic Rates Movement of San Andreas Fault
5 cm/yr = 7 m/140 yr.
Growth of Mt. St. Helens
3 km/30,000 yr = 10 cm/yr.
Deposition of Niagara Dolomite
100 m/ 1 m.y.? = 1 cm/100 yr.

17. 1 Second = 1 Year 35 minutes to birth of Christ 1 hour+ to pyramids
3 hours to retreat of glaciers from Wisconsin
12 days = 1 million years
2 years to extinction of dinosaurs
14 years to age of Niagara Escarpment
31 years = 1 billion years

18. Were The Dinosaurs Failures?
Dinosaurs: 150,000,000 years
Recorded History: 5000 years
For every year of recorded history, the dinosaurs had 30,000 years
For every day of recorded history, the dinosaurs had 82 years
For every minute of recorded history, the dinosaurs had three weeks