1. The Scientific Revolution
Section 5
Chapter 14
The Scientific Revolution

2. This presentation is interactive!
You will now receive a concise notes sheet. Throughout the presentation you will fill the blank spaces on your notes sheet in as well as answer “try this” questions. This is for your better comprehension of this lesson.You will be directed when to do so. A short Jeopardy game will precede the lesson for assessment purposes. A chapter review sheet will also be distributed for your benefit. Hi

3. How had the scientific revolution changed the views of the world?
Aim
How had the scientific revolution changed the views of the world?
Outline of Lesson Part I.……………… Part II…..……………….. Jeopardy………………… Chapter Review……………………... Hi

4. Changing Views of The World
Part I
Changing Views of The World Hi

5. Who Was Ptolemy? Greek astronomer
believed ____ was the center of universe (geocentricity)
c. scholars (didn’t accept/accepted) theoryit (agreed/disagreed) with common sense
d. church followed theory Hi

6. Who Was Ptolemy? Greek astronomer
believed earth was the center of universe (geocentricity)
c. scholars (didn’t accept/accepted) theoryit (agreed/disagreed) with common sense
d. church followed theory Hi

7. Who Was Ptolemy? Greek astronomer
believed earth was the center of universe (geocentricity)
c. scholars (didn’t accept/accepted) theoryit (agreed/disagreed) with common sense
d. church followed theory Hi

8. Who Was Ptolemy? Greek astronomer
believed earth was the center of universe (geocentricity)
c. scholars accepted theoryit (agreed/disagreed) with common sense
d. church followed theory Hi

9. Who Was Ptolemy? Greek astronomer
believed earth was the center of universe (geocentricity)
c. scholars accepted theoryit (agreed/disagreed) with common sense
d. church followed theory Hi

10. Who Was Ptolemy? Greek astronomer
believed earth was the center of universe (geocentricity)
c. scholars accepted theoryit agreed with common sense
d. church followed theory Hi

11. Retrograde Motion In the Ptolemy System (Geocentric)
Epicycle
Planet
Earth
Deferent
Retrograde Motion In the Ptolemy System (Geocentric)

12. Who Was Copernicus?
Polish astronomer who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in which he proposed idea of ____________ (___, [not ____], is center of universe)
ideas contradicted church teachingsteachings based on arguments developed by “classical thinkers” (Ptolemy)the whole system of human knowledge would have to be questioned Hi

13. Who Was Copernicus?
Polish astronomer who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in which he proposed idea of heliocentricity (___, [not ____], is center of universe)
ideas contradicted church teachingsteachings based on arguments developed by “classical thinkers” (Ptolemy)the whole system of human knowledge would have to be questioned Hi

14. Who Was Copernicus?
Polish astronomer who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in which he proposed idea of heliocentricity (sun, [not ____], is center of universe)
ideas contradicted church teachingsteachings based on arguments developed by “classical thinkers” (Ptolemy)the whole system of human knowledge would have to be questioned Hi

15. Who Was Copernicus?
Polish astronomer who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in which he proposed idea of heliocentricity (sun, [not earth], is center of universe)
ideas contradicted church teachingsteachings based on arguments developed by “classical thinkers” (Ptolemy)the whole system of human knowledge would have to be questioned Hi

16. Heliocentric Model
Sun

17. Retrograde Motion In the Copernican System (Heliocentric)

18. Think Critically
Why do you think modern scientists refer to the discoveries of Copernicus as the Copernican Revolution?
Why would the church be unwilling to accept the theory of heliocentricity?

19. Who Was Brahe?
provided evidence that (supported/disproved) Copernicus’ ideas
studied movement of stars Hi

20. Who Was Brahe?
provided evidence that (supported/disproved) Copernicus’ ideas
studied movement of stars Hi

21. Who Was Brahe? provided evidence that supported Copernicus’ ideas
studied movement of stars Hi

22. Who Was Kepler?
astronomer who used Brahe’s data & observations to calculate orbits of the planets revolving around the sun
calculations provided more evidence for __________ view, & showed that planets move in an _______ orbit (not circular) Hi

23. Who Was Kepler?
astronomer who used Brahe’s data & observations to calculate orbits of the planets revolving around the sun
calculations provided more evidence for heliocentric view, & showed that planets move in an _______ orbit (not circular) Hi

24. Who Was Kepler?
astronomer who used Brahe’s data & observations to calculate orbits of the planets revolving around the sun
calculations provided more evidence for heliocentric view, & showed that planets move in an elliptical orbit (not circular) Hi

25. Kepler’s Law of Ellipses (Included in Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion)
The shape of the orbit of any body (be it an asteroid, planet, comet, or space craft) orbiting the Sun is an Ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci.
Minor Axis
Major Axis
Focus
Focus
Ellipse

26. Eccentricity
The flatness of an ellipse is its eccentricity. A perfect circle would have an eccentricity of 0 whereas a straight line would have an eccentricity of 1. The formula for eccentricity is: d
e = (where e = eccentricity, d = distance between l foci, & l = length of major axis)
Minor Axis
Major Axis
Focus
Focus
Ellipse

27. Who Was Galileo?
Italian astronomer who assembled astronomical telescope
b. using telescope, he became first astronomer to see _________ on the moon, ________, & first to observe Jupiter’s 4 moons
proved Copernicus’s theory by viewing movement of moons & planets
d. the church condemned him (he went against church teachings & later went to trial in 1633). Hi

28. Who Was Galileo?
Italian astronomer who assembled astronomical telescope
b. using telescope, he became first astronomer to see mountains on the moon, ________, & first to observe Jupiter’s 4 moons
proved Copernicus’s theory by viewing movement of moons & planets
d. the church condemned him (he went against church teachings & later went to trial in 1633). Hi

29. Who Was Galileo?
Italian astronomer who assembled astronomical telescope
b. using telescope, he became first astronomer to see mountains on the moon, sunspots, & first to observe Jupiter’s 4 moons
proved Copernicus’s theory by viewing movement of moons & planets
d. the church condemned him (he went against church teachings & later went to trial in 1633). Hi

30. Think Critically
What are some consequences of challenging accepted ways of thinking?
Would these consequences deter you from voicing your opinion or going against the accepted ways of thinking?

31. Think Critically
New Discoveries
The Dutch inventor Anthony van Leeuwenhoek perfected the single lens microscope in the 1600’s. So small it fit in the palm of your hand, the microscope magnified enough to show tiny cells and their even smaller nuclei.
Why do you think the microscope is considered one of the most important scientific discoveries?

32. What was the Scientific Method?
began with __________ and ______________ (unlike earlier approaches)
complex mathematical calculations used to convert observations and experiments into ________ ____ Hi

33. What was the Scientific Method?
began with observation and ______________ (unlike earlier approaches)
complex mathematical calculations used to convert observations and experiments into ________ ____ Hi

34. What was the Scientific Method?
began with observation and experimentation (unlike earlier approaches)
complex mathematical calculations used to convert observations and experiments into ________ ____ Hi

35. What was the Scientific Method?
began with observation and experimentation (unlike earlier approaches)
complex mathematical calculations used to convert observations and experiments into scientific laws Hi

36. The Scientific Method 1. State Problem 7. Repeat Steps 2. Gather
Information
6. State
Conclusion
3. Form
Hypothesis
5. Record/Analyze
Data
4. Test
Hypothesis

37. Think Critically
Why do you think it’s important for scientists to repeat their work, as stated in step 7?

38. Now Try This!
1. Which theory was against the church’s teachings and who was the first to introduce this theory?
Heliocentricity was against the church’s teachings. Nicholas Copernicus was the first to introduce this theory.

39. Who Was Isaac Newton?
English physicist—surmised theory of ______ (force that pulls a mass or object to another) & stated that gravity was force that kept planets in their orbits—his work linked physics & astronomy
published Mathematical principles of Natural Philosophy in which he explained the law of gravity & other workings
laws would be the basis of other ideas until revolution in physics in early 1900s occurred.

40. Who Was Isaac Newton?
English physicist—surmised theory of gravity (force that pulls a mass or object to another) & stated that gravity was force that kept planets in their orbits—his work linked physics & astronomy
published Mathematical principles of Natural Philosophy in which he explained the law of gravity & other workings
laws would be the basis of other ideas until revolution in physics in early 1900s occurred.

41. Think Critically
How did Newton’s views revolutionize the world?

42. Think Critically Interpret this quote:
“Nature and nature’s laws lay hid in night, God said, let Newton be! and all was light.”

43. Now Try This!
2. What theory was said to keep the planets in their orbits? Whose theory was this?
Gravity was the theory that was said to keep the planets in their orbits. This was Isaac Newton’s theory.

44. Other Scientific Advances
Part II Presented By Josh Redman
Other Scientific Advances Hi

45. What were scientific advances in chemistry?
a. Robert Boyle
distinguished individual ________ & __________. found and explained effect of temperature on gases, and also pressure. Hi

46. What were scientific advances in chemistry?
a. Robert Boyle
distinguished individual elements & __________. found and explained effect of temperature on gases, and also pressure. Hi

47. What were scientific advances in chemistry?
a. Robert Boyle
distinguished individual elements & compounds. found and explained effect of temperature on gases, and also pressure. Hi

48. What were scientific advances in medicine?
published On the Structure of the Human Body—first accurate and detailed study of human anatomy. His drawings corrected errors from ancient classical authorities Hi
Andreas Vesalius

49. What were scientific advances in medicine?
developed new and more effective _______ for preventing infections & came up with Idea of closing wounds with stitches Hi
Ambroise Paré

50. What were scientific advances in medicine?
developed new and more effective ointment for preventing infections & came up with Idea of closing wounds with stitches Hi
Ambroise Paré

51. What were scientific advances in medicine?
discovered and described _________ of _____ in the human body & explained that the heart serves as a pump to force blood through veins and arteries. Hi
William Harvey

52. What were scientific advances in medicine?
discovered and described circulation of _____ in the human body & explained that the heart serves as a pump to force blood through veins and arteries. Hi
William Harvey

53. What were scientific advances in medicine?
discovered and described circulation of blood in the human body & explained that the heart serves as a pump to force blood through veins and arteries. Hi
William Harvey

54. Think Critically
How would the practice of medicine be affected today if scientists did not have accurate knowledge of anatomy?

55. Now Try This!
3. Which scientist made advances in disease prevention? What methods did he use?
Ambroise Paré made advances in disease prevention. He practiced the use of stitches to close an open wound and a new, more effective ointment for preventing infections.

56. ?
What did Bacon and Descartes do? Hi

57. Francis Bacon What did Bacon and Descartes do?
stressed ______________ and __________. He wanted science to make life better for people by leading to _______ ___________. Hi
Francis Bacon

58. Francis Bacon What did Bacon and Descartes do?
stressed experimentation and __________. He wanted science to make life better for people by leading to _______ ___________. Hi
Francis Bacon

59. Francis Bacon What did Bacon and Descartes do?
stressed experimentation and observation. He wanted science to make life better for people by leading to _______ ___________. Hi
Francis Bacon

60. Francis Bacon What did Bacon and Descartes do?
stressed experimentation and observation. He wanted science to make life better for people by leading to practical technologies. Hi
Francis Bacon

61. René Descartes What did Bacon and Descartes do?
b. emphasized _____ ________ as the best way to understanding. “I think, therefore I am.” was his first statement in his Discourse on Method. Hi
René Descartes

62. René Descartes What did Bacon and Descartes do?
b. emphasized human reasoning as the best way to understanding. “I think, therefore I am.” was his first statement in his Discourse on Method. Hi
René Descartes

63. What did Bacon and Descartes do?
Both: rejected Aristotle’s scientific assumptions, challenged scholarly traditions of medieval universities, disagreed with original teachings of church—truth is not known at the beginning of inquiry but at the end, after a long process of ___________. Hi

64. What did Bacon and Descartes do?
Both: rejected Aristotle’s scientific assumptions, challenged scholarly traditions of medieval universities, disagreed with original teachings of church—truth is not known at the beginning of inquiry but at the end, after a long process of investigation. Hi

65. You will now play a game of Jeopardy!
Click for Jeopardy! Hi