1. Nuclear Chemistry
Changes assorted with the internal structure of the atom
Usually is a change in # protons
Result is another element

2. 1. Why? “The Conflict” Strong Nuclear Force
Attraction of protons & neutrons to each other
(one of the fundamental forces in the universe)
Result:
Pulls the nucleus together

3. Proton-Proton Repulsion
Protons push away from each other
Why??? Because they have like charges

4. 2. The Role of Neutrons Insulate protons from seeing each other
When the protons can “see” each other energy is made in the form of RADIOACTIVITY
The ratio of neutrons to protons is critical

5. Radioactivity Too Many Neutrons?
Radioactivity is the result of an unhappy nucleus
The protons can see each other
Nuclear changes occur to convert unhappy atoms to happy atoms  
Too Many Neutrons?
Creates Gaps

6. 3. Decay Process Alpha decay
Unstable nucleus emits (spits out) an alpha particle
Alpha Particle: is a He nucleus [ 24He or 24]
Example:
Write the nuclear equation for the  decay of Uranium – 235.
92235U 24He Th (thorium)

7. Beta Decay unstable nucleus emits a beta particle out of the nucleus
Beta Particle: a high energy electron [ -10]
Step 1
A neutron splits into a proton & an electron
Step 2
Proton remains in nucleus
Electron is emitted (spit out) from the nuclues

8. Example: Write the nuclear equation for the  decay of Iodine – 125
53125 I  Xe (zenon)

9. Gamma Radiation Pure wave energy “Penetrating Strength”
(means there are no particles used, just energy given off)
*No equations needed*
“Penetrating Strength”
Alpha < Beta < Gamma
(big / slow) (small / fast) (radio)
Accompanies all other nuclear changes