1. Internet2 and Health Sciences
Mary Kratz
Manager, Internet2 Health Sciences
Biotechnology: The Creation, Transport and Funding of Medical Research
School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, MAGPI and Yipes Communications

2. Why Internet2? The Internet was not designed for:
Millions of users
Congestion
Multimedia
Real time interaction
But, only the Internet can:
Accommodate explosive growth
Enable convergence of information work, mass media, and human collaboration
Internet2 is focused on the Internet’s potential for our future
1/3/2019

3. Today’s Internet Provide reliable end-to-end performance
Encourage cooperation on new capabilities
Allow testing of new technologies
Support development of revolutionary applications
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4. Internet2 Mission
Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet.
Enable new generation of applications
Re-create leading edge R&E network capability
Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet
This is the Internet2 mission.
1/3/2019

5. Internet Development Spiral
Commercialization
Privatization
ANS/Core
PSI
MichNet
Today’s Internet
AOL
UUNet
SURANet
InternetMCI
NYSERNet
ANS
Intelligent
Networks
GigaBit
Testbeds
ARPANet
NSFNet
NGI
MBone
Internet2
Research and
Partnerships
Development
1/3/2019

6. Internet2 Universities 187 Universities as of July 2001
This is the latest map of Internet2 universities. Each Internet2 university commits to providing the high performance networking on their own campus, connecting to a high-performance backbone network, and supporting advanced applications development on their own campus.
1/3/2019

7. Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet Initiative
NGI
University-led
Federal agency-led
Developing education and research driven applications
Agency mission-driven and general purpose applications
Building out campus networks, gigaPoPs and inter-gigapop infrastructure
Funding research testbeds and agency research networks
Internet2 works closely with the federal agencies involved in the Next Generation Internet initiative.
Interconnecting and interoperating to provide advanced networking capabilities needed to support advanced research and education applications
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8. Internet2 Corporate Partners
3Com
Advanced Network & Services
Alcatel
AT&T
Cisco Systems
IBM
Intel Corporation
ITC^Deltacom
Lucent Technologies
Marconi Communications
Microsoft
Nortel Networks
Qwest Communications
SBC Communications
Sprint Communications
WCI Cable
WorldCom
This is the latest list of Internet2 Corporate Partners. Corporate partners have committed to providing over US$1million in support of collaborations with Internet2 universities.
1/3/2019

9. Internet2 International Partners http://www. internet2
This is the latest map of Internet2 universities. Each Internet2 university commits to providing the high performance networking on their own campus, connecting to a high-performance backbone network, and supporting advanced applications development on their own campus.
1/3/2019

10. Abilene
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11. Abilene Network
-Qwest
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12. 1/3/2019

13. Abilene International Peering and International Transit Network (ITN)
STTL
CA*net3, (AARnet)
APAN/TransPAC, Ca*net3, CERN, CERnet, IUCC, NORDUnet, RENATER, REUNA2, SURFnet, SingAREN, SINET, TAnet2 , (ANSP, HARnet?)
OC12
NYCM
TEN-155*,
JANET,
NORDUnet, CA*net3
(HEAnet)
BELnet
SNVA
GEMNET,
(SINET)
13+ peers of MoU partners
AmPATH
STAR TAP ITN…Abilene service component
LOSA
SingAREN, SINET
OC3-12
AmPATH
(REUNA2, RNP2, RETINA?)
CALREN2
CUDI
UT El Paso
(CUDI)
1/3/2019
* ARNES, BELNET, CESnet, DFN, GRNET, HEAnet, RESTENA, SWITCH, HUNGARNET, GARR-B, POL-34, RCCN, RedIRIS

14. Download of “The Matrix” DVD (Comparison of the Internet2 Land Speed Record)
1/3/2019

15. Advanced Application Attributes
Interactive research collaboration and instruction
Real-time access to remote resources
Large-scale, multi-site computation and data mining
Shared virtual reality
Any combination of the above
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16. Advanced Applications
Distributed computation
Virtual laboratories
Digital libraries
Distributed learning
Digital video
Tele-immersion
All of the above in combination
Advanced applications com in many flavors, and those flavors can be combined. Advanced applications share the characteristic that they require advanced network capabilities to work—they either don’t work at all, or won’t work well on today’s Internet.
Enabling advanced applications is at the heart of Internet2.
1/3/2019

17. Remote Scanning Electron Microscope By the University of Michigan
Philips XL30
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18. Teleimmersion University of Illinois at Chicago
University of Illinois-NCSA
Old Dominion University

19. The CAVE
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20. Immersadesk
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21. Virtual Pelvic Floor
Funded by National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health NO1-LM
Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Cook County Hospital, Chicago
College of Health and Human Development Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
1/3/2019

22. Virtual Pelvic Floor
Funded by National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health NO1-LM
Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Cook County Hospital, Chicago
College of Health and Human Development Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
1/3/2019

23. Virtual Temporal Bone Dept. of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,
Funded by National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health NO1-LM
Dept. of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,
College of Health and Human Development Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
1/3/2019

24. Telecubicle
Advanced Network & Services, Brown University, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, University of Pennsylvania
1/3/2019

25. Grid Projects NEESGrid GriPhyN Infrastructure www.neesgrid.org
Infrastructure
1/3/2019

26. The Scope of the Internet2 Health Science Workgroup
includes clinical practice,
medical and related biological
research, education, and
medical awareness
in the Public.
Enigma Machine and Bombe
Armed forces have always been dependent on communications. During World War II, the German Army and Navy tried to keep their communications secret by using encryption devices called Enigma machines. These sophisticated coding devices could generate over 1 trillion different coding patterns. The Germans believed they were too sophisticated for Allied forces to break them. But in one of the best-kept secrets of the war, first the Poles, and later the British and Americans succeeded in deciphering messages. The wooden device in the foreground is a 4 rotor German Enigma machine, used for encoding. The large machine in the background is a "Bombe," used for breaking the code. Working out the details of codebreaking machines was one of the developments that fostered electronic computers.
Smithsonian Photo by Laurie Minor-Penland.

27. With an Emphasis On: Medical applications on the Internet.
Development of application tools to take advantage of Internet2 advanced network services.
Leverage and influence Internet2 resources to apply solutions to the medical domain.
Inform the medical community of these activities.
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28. Goals and Objectives
Focus on research partnerships for advanced applications
Enhance collaboration and information sharing
Collaboratories
Training Workshops
Development of demonstrations and tools
Cooperate on standards to maintain global interoperability
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29. Roadmap Networking Health: Prescriptions for the Internet
National Research Council Report
Current and future Internet
Released 24 February 2000
National Academy Press
ISBN
1/3/2019

30. Health Science Working Groups
Middleware
Security – HIPAA Guidelines
Distance Medical Education
Veterinary Medical
End to End Performance
Visible Human Project Collaboratory
Biomedical Informatics Research Network
Open Source
Electronic Health Record Collaboratory
Clinical Trials Research Network
Access Grid for Health Sciences
Virtual Tumor Boards
1/3/2019

31. Challenges to Health Sciences
"The medical research revolution is happening! 
90% of data collected today will never be seen by a human eye. 
This is everyone's problem.
We must manage a growing amount of data to secure knowledge for the future." - Michael Marron, NIH
1/3/2019

32. Unanticipated Innovation
Lesson of the Web
Genomics & proteomics data is currently doubling monthly!
Network growth and value are non-linear
New technologies enable qualitatively different uses
Users become innovators
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33. Hot Topics Network of the Future Middleware
End to End Performance Initiative
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34. Network of the Future: Context for the next backbone
Computational science as an emerging interdisciplinary field
Bandwidth as the fourth critical parameter
CPU, memory, storage
Increasingly distributed data collection and storage
Emergence of optical transport technologies
Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
Important distinction: transport vs. switching
Transcontinental conduits
“Resource Constrained” areas
1/3/2019

35. Network of the Future/Backbone
Strategic goals
Incorporate optical technologies into the core of the network
Continue to work with regional GigaPoPs in a hierarchy
High performance interconnection with international nets
Emphasize advanced services
high-performance IPv6
line-rate multicast
enhanced, native measurement capabilities
make differentiated-services based QoS work
play our role in End-to-End Performance Initiative
1/3/2019

36. What is Middleware?
Specialized networked services that are shared by applications and users
A set of core software components that permit scaling of applications and networks
The intersection of what network designers and applications developers each do not want to do
The software that everyone wants and nobody wants to pay for
1/3/2019

37. Upperware:Middleware:Underware
A mix of invention and engineering, heavily shaped by political and external issues
Enterprise-level security and directory information
Authentication
Identity Services
Authorization
Directory
Security
Key: inter-realm interoperability
Implements as common API’s, stand-alone infrastructural services, standard syntaxes, defacto standards in semantics and policies
1/3/2019

38. Provided by one amplifier service: Build once, re-use many times
Why Middleware?
Consider a home stereo system as an analogy:
Stereo system components:
Turntable
CD player
Cassette recorder
use Common Services:
Amplification
Volume control
Tone quality control
Provided by one amplifier service:
Build once, re-use many times
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39. Common Services Architecture
Consider the “RCA” jack/plug on your stereo as a Standard Interface
Without it, we would not enjoy stereo components that are:
Low cost; plug-and-play
Interoperable; vendor-independent
High “data” quality by reduction of replicated data storage
The same holds for software components. First, must:
Identify common services needed, then
Develop interface standards to them
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40. 1/3/2019

41. Hey, this is not working right!
The Problem
Hey, this is not working right!
Others are
getting in ok
Not our problem
Applications
Developer
Applications
Developer
LAN
Administrator
LAN
Administrator
Talk to the other guys
System
Administrator
Everything is
AOK
System
Administrator
Campus
Networking
Campus
Networking
The computer
Is working OK
No other
complaints
Looks fine
Gigapop
Gigapop
All the lights
are green
How do you solve
a problem along a path?
Backbone
We don’t see
anything wrong
The network is lightly loaded
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42. E2Epi Mission
To enable the researchers, faculty, students and staff who use high performance networks to obtain optimal performance from the current infrastructure on a consistent basis
Applications
Measurement criteria and tool sets
Knowledgebase
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43. More Internet2 Information
On the Web
For more information about Internet2, please see these web sites, or contact directly by .
1/3/2019