1. 20c China:
From Republic to
Communist Power

2. Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925)
Elected as President of the United Provinces of China in 1913
Helped to build up the Nationalist party and groom Chiang Kai-shek for his future role as leader of the party

3. Chinese Warlords, 1920s
Yuan Shi-kai

4. China in 1924

5. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
(Mao Tse-tung)

6. Mao With His Children, 1930s

7. Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928
(Chiang Kai-shek)

8. The Long March
1934

9. Nationalists vs. Communists
1927—Civil War breaks out between Nationalists & Communists
1931—Mao elected chairman of “Soviet Republic of China”
1934—Chiang Kai-Shek’s Nationalists successfully encircle Red army, Mao removed from power, Red army flees and begins Long March
Long March ends October 20, 1935—Out of 85,000 initial troops, only 8,000 survived the march

10. The Long March

11. Survivors of the March

12. Japan Invades China
1937

13. Japanese Aggression,

14. Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai

15. Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking December 9, 1937

16. The Japanese Invasion, 1937

17. Japanese Bayonet Practice

18. Beheadings Took Place in Public!

19. UNIT 731: Bio-Chemical Warfare

20. The Communist
Revolution:

21. The Peoples’ Liberation Army (Previously the Red Army), 1949

22. The Communist Victory

23. Taiwan: The Republic of China

24. Chiang Kai-Shek ( )

25. The People’s Republic of China

26. Reasons for the Communists’ Success
Mao won support of peasants – land
Mao won support of women
Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt
Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China

27. The Great Leap
Forward (or Backward?)

28. Great Leap Forward, 1958 Communes
5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
Communes
Groups of people who live and work together
Property held in common
Had production quotas
Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture

29. Communist China Under Mao
Industrialized China
Increased literacy
Class privileges ended
Rural Chinese received health care
One-party dictatorship
Denied people basic rights and freedoms --> Inner Mongolia, Tibet

30. Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama in Beijing, 1954
Tibet --> an autonomous area
Dalai Lama fled in the late 1950s to India

31. The Great
Proletarian
Cultural Revolution

32. A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS”
Old Thoughts
Old Culture
Old Customs
Old Habits
To Rebel Is Good!

33. Communist China Under Mao
Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society
Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place
Schools shut down – students revolted
Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

34. A Red Guard

35. Red Guards March to Canton

36. With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968)
Cult of Personality

37. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us together Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968
Mao’s Little Red Book

38. Propaganda Poster

39. Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle! 1967-1972

40. Propaganda Poster

41. Propaganda Poster

42. Propaganda Poster

43. “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

44. Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972

45. Power Struggle Communist Traditionalists Modernists Zhou Enlai
1976
Zhou Enlai
“The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan

46. Communist Government
and a
Capitalist Economy

47. Deng Xiaoping ( )

48. De-Maoization “The 4 Modernizations” Progress in: Industry Science
Agriculture
Industry
Science
Defense
Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

49. Tiananmen Square, 1989
More democracy!

50. Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University

51. Democracy—Our Common Ideal!
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

52. The “Goddess of Democracy”
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The “Goddess of Democracy”

53. The Government Clamps Down
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Government Clamps Down

54. Tiananmen Square, 1989
One Lone Man’s Protest

55. The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

56. The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by an Army Tank
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by an Army Tank

57. The Army Looks for Dissidents
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Army Looks for Dissidents

58. Student Leaders Are Arrested
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student Leaders Are Arrested

59. Chinese Students Mourn the Dead (Hundreds, Maybe Thousands)
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead (Hundreds, Maybe Thousands)

60. The Reestablishment of Order
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Reestablishment of Order

61. What’s the Message Here?

62. What was the name of the failed 5-year plan Mao created to modernize and advance agriculture and industry which resulted in mass starvation?
What was the name of the movement that involved destroying the “Four Olds”—carried out by the Red Guards?
What was the name of the year-long escape by the Red Army that ended with 77,000 soldiers dead from starvation and exposure?