1. The Age of Absolutism Chapter 16

2. Extending Spanish Power 16-1

3. Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire
By 1492, Spain expelled the last ____ rulers and enforced religious unity. They also funded ______ voyage across the Atlantic.
Wearing Two Crowns
In 1519, Charles V inherited the Spanish and the Austrian Hapsburgs.
Constant warfare
Protestant
Ottoman Empire
Muslim; columbus; austrian- holy roman empire and the netherlands; supress the protestant movement; ottomans in austria, hungary

4. An Empire Divided 1556 Charles V conceded and joined a ____. Hapsburg:
Spain, Netherlands, Italy:
Monestary; his brother, son Philip 2

5. Philip II and Divine Right
King Phillip II’s goal was to:
Absolute monarch
Divine right
Protestant enemies
Inquisition
Strengthen the Catholic Church and make his power absolute;

6. The Wars of Philip II Revolt in the Netherlands
Battle of Lepanto in 1571
Revolt in the Netherlands
In 1581, the northern Netherlands claimed independence from Spain. Why?
Fighting rages on for decades
1648-
Victory over Ottomans: why- high taxes, absolute rule, reinstitution of the inquisition,

7. Invading England
In 1580s, Philip saw England’s Queen Elizabeth as his chief enemy. Why?
Failure of Spanish Armada ended Philip’s plan to invade England.
She supported the dutch agianst spain, encouraged Sea Dogs to plunder spanish treasure ships; england ended spains long term navy superiority

8. Spain’s Golden Age Painters Writers Philip II was a patron of the arts
El Greco
Writers
Lope de Vega
Miguel de Cervantes
Don Quixote
Wrote 1500 plays; first modern european novel. Satire of medieval times

9. Economic Decline In the 1600s, Spanish power slowly declined. Why?
Successors
Wars
Taxation of middle class
Expulsion of ___ and ___
inflation
Successors of Philip were weak, costly wars, = muslims/jews

10. France Under Louis XIV 16-2

11. Rebuilding France
1560s-1590s, religious wars between Huguenots and Catholic majority tore France apart.
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
,000 hugenots killed by catholic nobles after a wedding

12. Henry IV
1589, a _______ inherited the French throne. However, he converted to ______.
Edict of Nantes in 1598
Laid the foundation for French absolutism by:
Richelieu
Henry IV was assassinated in 1610
Louis XIII appointed Cardinal Armand Richelieu as chief minister.
Strengthened central government
Religious toleration and let them fortify their own cities; organizing construction projects, reviving agriculture, reducing influence of nobles; broke fortified walls of Hugeunots and nobles and destroyed power of nobles by banning their armies

13. Louis XIV, the Sun King
Louis XIV became king at 5yrs old and disorder swept France.
The Fronde
Driven away from his palace
Chief minister, Cardinal Jules Mazarin died in 1661
Revolts after louis 14th became king; nobles, merchants, peasants, and urban poor;

14. Strengthening Royal Power
“I am the State”
Divine right
Role of the Estates General
Strengthening Royal Power
Intendants-
Army
Colbert and the Economy
Jean Baptiste Colbert-
High tariffs on imported goods. Why?
Estates played no role in gov. in balancing royal power,
Intendants=royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and carried out his policies in the provinces. Army became the most powerful in europe 300,000 soldiers. Minister of finance, Frace became wealthiest state in Europe; lavish court 1.5 billion palace, war war war!

15. Versailles, Symbol of Royal Power
Court Ceremonies
Versailles palace
Levee
Culture Flowering
Patron of musicians and play writers
French styles
Ballet
sciences
10,000 people at palace, kept an eye on nobles; Morning ritual in which nobles would wait on king; model of europe

16. Persecution of the Huguenots
Louis’ View on Protestants
He ___ the Edict of Nantes in 1685
Result:
Threat, revoked the Edict of Nantes; result, more than 100,000 huegenots fled france, (hardest working people),

17. Successes and Failures
Louis XIV rules France for __ years. French culture, manners, and customs replaced those of __________.
War, bad harvests, debt
Wars of Louis XIV
Balance of power
1700, Phillip V (grandson) inherited the throne in Spain. He tried to unite Spain and ___.
War of the Spanish Succession
Effect
english and dutch tried to prevent france from having too much power by war; england won and they did not unite;

18. Triumph of Parliament in England 16-3

19. The Tudors and Parliament
From 1485 to 1603, England was ruled by the Tudor dynasty.
Henry VIII’s wars led to the need for more ___. Parliament became accustomed to being consulted on these matters.
Elizabeth I
Both henry and elizabeth had a cordial relationship with parliament;

20. The Early Stuarts The Royal Challenge
After Elizabeth I died in 1603, the throne was passed to the _____.
The Royal Challenge
James I
Divine right
As a result over tax disputes
between King James and Parliament, he:
Dissenters
Puritans
King James Version
A relative family in scotland; dissolved parliement and collected taxes on his own for war; dissenters- protestants who differed with the church of england;; purify the church of catholic practices;

21. Parliament Responds In 1625, Charles I (son) inherited the throne.
Absolute monarch
Prison without trial
Petition of Right
“like father, like son”-
Anglican prayer book
Tax issues. Petition said the king could not raise taxes without consent; and no prison without trial; prayer book in scottland caused calvinist scots to revolt

22. The Long Parliament Charles responds In 1640-1653
Executed Charles chief ministers
Abolish of bishops
King cannot dissolve Parliament
Charles responds
1642 he led troops to the House of Commons
Result:
Escaped through back door and raised their own army

23. The English Civil War 1642 to 1647 Cavaliers and Roundheads
Oliver Cromwell
By 1647, the king was captured
Execution of a King
First time a monarch was executed by his own people. Result:
Cavs=charles, long hair and plummed hats; roundheads=composed of puritans, gentry, manufacturers, hair; no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the law in England.

24. The Commonwealth Challenges to the Commonwealth
After the execution of Charles, the House of Commons declared England a republic, under the leadership of ________.
Challenges to the Commonwealth
Ireland and Scotland
1652 measures against Catholics were taken
West Ireland
Levellers
Lord Protector (1653)
Oliver Cromwell; Ireland and scotland were supporters of charles 2, uncrowned heir; exiled to west ireland barren lands; levellers thought poor should have equal rights; cromwell took the title, lord protector and ruled through the army

25. End of the Commonwealth
Puritan Society
Sunday
Closed theatres
Lewd dancing, taverns, and gambling
School
Marriage
Lifted exile
End of the Commonwealth
Cromwell died in 1658
Charles II returned from exile
Church on Sunday, school for boys and girls, marriage for love, lifted 350 exile of jews; after cromwell died the parliemanet restored monarchy

26. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution
Charles II became a popular ruler because of his charm and wit.
Reopening of:
Secret Catholic
How did he deal with parliament?
Taverns and theatres; he did not upset them;

27. A New Clash With Parliament
James II, inherited the throne in 1685
Catholic
Suspending laws
Parliament feared that:
Glorious Revolution 1688
Flaunted it, hired Catholics in high office; feared james would restore catholic church; parliement invited James protestant daughter, Mary and husband William to become rulers of England; james fled to france

28. English Bill of Rights Parliament over monarchy “power of the purse”
No suspension of laws
No interference
Roman Catholic
Trial by jury
Toleration Act of 1689
Limited monarchy
William and mary forced to sign; no interference in parliament debates; barred from throne; religious freedom to protestants, only members of the Church of England could hold office