1. Copy the following onto the TOP fifteen lines of Portfolio page 46
Wilmot Proviso introduced
Congress divided
Fears of new slave states
The Mexican War
Wilmot Proviso defeated
The Mexican Cession
Free Soil Party formed

2. Copy the following onto the bottom half seven lines of Portfolio page 47
How did the Compromise of 1850 attempt to satisfy both the North and the South?
The North
The South

3. Copy the following onto Portfolio page 48
How did each man help end the controversy over California statehood?
Henry Clay
Daniel Webster
Stephen Douglas

4. Section 15.1: Growing Tensions Between North and South
Today we will explain how abolition caused tension to grow in both the North and the South.

5. Essential Question (EQ): In what ways did disagreements between the North and the South, especially over the issue of slavery, lead to political conflict?

6. Today’s Vocabulary
tension – uneasiness based on distrust, fear or hatred
fluid – not solid; changeable
rigid – stiff or unchanging
economy – how a country or its people make money

7. What We Already Know
The inventions of the cotton gin had led to the growth of cotton plantations across the South.

8. What We Already Know
The expansion of cotton cultivation also caused slavery to expand across the South.

9. What We Already Know
An abolitionist movement dedicated to ending slavery had grown more widespread and more aggressive during the 1830s and ’40s.

10. What We Already Know
During the 1840s and ’50s, millions of immigrants had come to the United States and most had settled in the North.

11. North and South Take Different Paths
More industrial growth
Rapid population growth
Fluid society
Immigrants move west
Canals and railroads link Eastern and Midwestern states
NORTH

12. North and South Take Different Paths
Plantation economy
Rigid social structure, dominated by planters
Dependence on cotton leads to expansion of slavery
Cotton profits invested in more slaves instead of industry
Non-slaveholders supported the system

13. 1. How were the economies of the North and the South different by the mid-1800s?
Their economies and their labor systems were very different.
The Southern economy was more dependent on immigrant labor than the Northern economy.
The North relied on free labor, and was increasingly industrial.
Many northern factories used slaves to produce their goods.
The South remained agricultural and used slaves.
Write down the letter of every true response to this question, in your Portfolio!

14. 2. Why did the South develop so little industry?
The South received great wealth from cotton, so southerners thought industry was unnecessary.
Southerners believed slaves couldn’t do industrial work.
The South had few natural resources necessary to run factories.
No one in the South had enough wealth to invest to get new industries started.
Southern rivers were to powerful to provide stable power to operate factories.
Write down the letter of every true response to this question, in your Portfolio!

15. The issue of slavery caused tension between the North and the South.
Most Northerners, even abolitionists, were racist by modern standards.
Many Whites refused to go to school with, work with, or live near Blacks.
In most states, even free Blacks could not vote.

16. The issue of slavery caused tension between the North and the South.
Some Northern workers and immigrants opposed slavery because it was an economic threat to them.
Because slaves did not work for pay, free workers feared that managers would employ slaves rather than them.

17. The issue of slavery caused tension between the North and the South.
On the other hand, some Northern workers and immigrants opposed abolition because free workers would compete with them for jobs.

18. 4. Why did Northern workers and immigrants oppose slavery?
Slavery made it impossible for them to get jobs in the South.
They felt it was morally wrong to discriminate based on race.
They feared that they would lose their jobs to slaves, who weren’t paid.
Slavery made the South too wealthy and powerful.
Write down the letter of every true response to this question, in your Portfolio!

19. As Northern attacks on slavery grew, slaveholders defended slavery.
Most of them were openly racist, saying that White people were superior to Blacks.
Their inferiority made it impossible for Blacks to compete with Whites for jobs.
Slave-owners claimed to be doing them a favor by protecting them from freedom.

20. Many Southerners claimed that slavery helped Africans by introducing them to civilization and to . . .

21. . . . the blessings of Christianity, so their souls could be saved.

22. Slavery provided them with food, clothing, and shelter throughout their lives.
These different ideas about slavery brought the North and the South into conflict.

23. 3. In what ways was racism common in both the North and the South?
Slavery based on race was practiced in both regions.
Most people in both areas believed in white superiority.
Discrimination against blacks was practiced in both regions.
Both Northerners and Southerners passed laws requiring blacks to carry written passes at night.
Write down the letter of every true response to this question, in your Portfolio!

24. Section 15.1b: Growing Tensions Between North and South
Today we will describe how territorial expansion deepened the divisions between the North and the South.

25. Today’s Vocabulary describe – to give details about
territorial expansion –making a country bigger by getting new lands
deepen – to make worse
division – separation

26. Missouri Compromise of 1820
Missouri – FREE or SLAVE?
Congress raged back and forth over this…
Free State or Slave State??
Both sides worried about who would have a majority in Congress…
In the meantime, Maine also wanted in…
Henry Clay (House Speaker) proposed compromise: Missouri: Slave… Maine: Free
Kept the balance of power in the Senate even..

27. What We Already Know

28. Missouri Compromise of 1820
After the Missouri Compromise of 1820, political disagreements over slavery seemed to go away.

29. What We Already Know
The rise of the abolition movement once again made many Southerners distrustful of their Northern neighbors.

30. What We Already Know
The War with Mexico caused many Northerners to believe that Southerners wanted to take territory from Mexico in order to extend slavery.

31. What We Already Know
After the Mexican War, the United States gained ownership of a huge new area of land known as the Mexican Cession.

32. The Wilmot Proviso
Many Northerners feared that slavery would expand into the Mexican Cession.
Congressman David Wilmot tried to ban slavery in the Mexican Cession.

33. The Wilmot Proviso
The bill’s failure led to the birth of the Free Soil Party.
Slavery now became a key issue in national politics, and politicians could no longer ignore it.

34. Wilmot Proviso introduced Free Soil Party formed
Fears of new slave states
The Mexican War
Congress divided
Wilmot Proviso defeated
The Mexican Cession
The Mexican War
The Mexican Cession
Fears of new slave states
Wilmot Proviso defeated
Wilmot Proviso introduced
Free Soil Party formed
Congress divided

35. How did the War with Mexico lead to conflict between the North and the South?
The two sections argued about whether slavery would be permitted in the new territory that was gained.
Most of the soldiers were Southerners, who resented the North for not fighting alongside them.
The South gained thousands of new slaves captured in Mexico.
Thousands of Southerners had refused to pay taxes that supported such an evil war.

36. What would the Wilmot Proviso have done?
Made California a slave state
Outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico
Made Arizona a free state
Banned the slave trade in New Mexico

37. Why did slaveholders oppose the Wilmot Proviso?
It declared slavery to be a moral evil.
It had been written by abolitionists hoping to embarrass Southerners.
It would keep them from taking their slaves into the Mexican Cession.
It would have raised taxes on the sales of both cotton and slaves.

38. What did the Free Soil Party stand for?
No slavery in the territories
California's admission as a free state
Support of the Wilmot Proviso
A stronger fugitive slave law

39. Controversy Over California

40. Controversy Over California
Discovery of gold in 1848 led to rapid population growth in California.
In 1850, California requested admission as a free state.
This threatened the free state-slave state balance in the Senate.
Southerners felt that statehood for California threatened their way of life.

41. The Compromise of 1850
As he did in 1820 (Missouri Compromise) and in 1833
(Compromise Tariff of 1833), Henry Clay
came up with another compromise.

42. a. California would enter as a free state.

43. b. A tough, new fugitive slave law was introduced.

44. The Fugitive Slave Act
People accused of being fugitives under this law could be held without an arrest warrant.
Instead of a jury trial, a federal commissioner ruled on each case.
The commissioner received five dollars for releasing the defendant and ten dollars for turning the defendant over to a slaveholder.

45. c. The slave trade would be banned in Washington, D.C.

46. c. No laws restricting slavery in the rest of the Mexican Cession would be introduced.

47. Use your whole whiteboard to write your answer!
Daniel Webster, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, lent his support to Clay’s compromise bill in a very passionate speech.
Use your whole whiteboard to write your answer!
(see Vocabulary)

48. Despite the support of Webster and his own best efforts, Clay was unable to get enough support to pass the compromise bill.

49. Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois came up with a way to win passage for Clay’s bill.
He broke up Clay's proposal into five parts and built up a slim majority for each among various congressmen.
After several weeks of work, Douglas succeeded in getting each part of Clay’s plan adopted.
Once the plan became law, some people celebrated, believing that it had saved the Union. But the compromise would not bring peace.

50. Which of the following was not part of the Compromise of 1850?
a stronger fugitive slave law
California's admission as a free state
the freedom for new territories to decide the slavery question for themselves
the admission of Arizona as a slave state
a ban on the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

51. How did Daniel Webster help persuade Congress to pass the Compromise of 1850?
He called for rejection of the fugitive slave law.
He made a passionate speech in favor of the compromise as a way of preserving the Union.
He promised Republican support for the admission of Arizona and New Mexico as slave states.
He condemned the northern commercial interests that called for the defeat of the bill.

52. How did Stephen Douglas help persuade Congress to pass the Compromise of 1850?
He broke up Clay's proposal into five parts and built a slim majority for each.
He proposed the same terms as Clay’s bill in the form of a constitutional amendment.
He took the compromise directly to the voters in the 1852 elections.
He came up with a new compromise based on the Wilmot Proviso.

53. Copy the following onto the TOP fifteen lines of Portfolio page 46
Wilmot Proviso introduced
Congress divided
Fears of new slave states
The Mexican War
Wilmot Proviso defeated
The Mexican Cession
Free Soil Party formed

54. Wilmot Proviso introduced Free Soil Party formed
Fears of new slave states
The Mexican War
Congress divided
Wilmot Proviso defeated
The Mexican Cession
The Mexican War
The Mexican Cession
Fears of new slave states
Wilmot Proviso defeated
Wilmot Proviso introduced
Free Soil Party formed
Congress divided

55. Copy the following onto the bottom half seven lines of Portfolio page 47
How did the Compromise of 1850 attempt to satisfy both the North and the South?
The North
The South
California could be admitted as a free state
The slave trade would be abolished in Washington DC
Fugitive Slave Act
Congress would not pass laws regarding slavery for the rest of the territories won from Mexico

56. Copy the following onto Portfolio page 48
How did each man help end the controversy over California statehood?
Henry Clay
Senator from Kentucky: helped create the Missouri Compromise ...
he crafted plan to solve California problem to please both North & South ... Compromise of 1850
Daniel Webster
- Senator from Massachusetts: supported Compromise of For the sake of the Union, and preservation of the Union ... and to keep the South from seceding (separating)
Stephen Douglas
- Senator from Illinois: powerful member of Congress in the mid-1800’s ... he hated slavery, but felt that a debate on morality would not solve the problem ... he suggested that folks from each territory should decide for themselves ...