1. Being a Leader
HPR 450
Chapter 7

2. Table 7-1 Developing Closeness by Achieving Trust
Communicating clearly in a way a layperson can understand
Keeping promises
Protecting confidentiality
Avoiding negative communications (e.g. blocking, false reassurance)
Being available to the client

3. Figure 7-1 Factors Influencing Choices of Leadership Style
(ability and
personality)
Client
(needs and
characteristics)
Environment
(situation and
setting)

4. Figure 7-2 Continuum of Leadership Styles
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire
(Leader centered)
(Client centered)
Dependency
Independence

5. Table 7-2 Advantages of Therapeutic Recreation Groups
Advantages for Clients:
Group identity
Socialization
Empathetic understanding
Social support
Hope
Control
Vicarious learning
Modeling coping
Role-Modeling
Practice new behaviors
Feedback
Share thoughts
Self-confidence
Give and take
Transcendence
Validation
Self-awareness
Helping others
Recreation skills
Cost savings

6. Table 7-2 Advantages of Therapeutic Recreation Groups
Advantages for Group Leaders:
Cost savings
Provide added support
Resources of the group
Stimulating

7. Stages of Group Development
Forming- anxiety for members; leader must develop trust
2. Storming - hostility toward leader or other members may occur; leader assists members in working through this phase
3. Norming- “we stage”; cohesion
4. Performing- members become functional; performance and productivity

8. Table 7-3 Guidelines for Giving Feedback
Be sensitive
Do not “avalanche”
Do not overpraise the group
Try not to punish, preach, or judge
Feedback should be immediate
Use confrontive feedback carefully
Act as a role model for giving and receiving feedback.

9. Processing Techniques
No Loading
Frontloading (aka: framing, briefing, prebriefing)
Feedback (including stop-action & reframing)
Metaphors
Debriefing

10. General Frameworks for Debriefing
What? So What? Now What?
The 5 Question Model
Experiential Learning Model

11. What? So What? Now What? Model
What Phase - review of what happened
So What Phase - Express what they have learned
Now What Phase - what they will do with learning

12. The “5 Question Model”
Did you notice…?
Why did that happen?
Does that happen in life?
Why does that happen?
How can you use that?

13. The “Experimental Learning Cycle”
Experiencing - engagement
Publishing - talking about what occurred
Processing - interpreting why
Generalizing – relating to real life
Applying- how will you change based on what you learned