1. Flow of Energy and Matter.
Flow of Energy and Matter

2. Food Chains and Food Webs
TEKS: Readiness:
12C analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids
Food Chains and Food Webs

3. Flow of Energy and Matter
In: Where does the energy for life processes come from? Write your response on the student hand-out.
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4. Food Chain & Food Web Simulation
Follow directions
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Producers
Producers
Without a constant input of energy, living systems cannot function.
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Producers
Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth.
Some types of organisms rely on the energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds.
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Producers
Producers/Autotrophs: Capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce their food. Ex: plants, some algae, phytoplankton, and certain bacteria
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Producers
Photosynthesis:
Energy From the Sun
Autotrophs capture solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates.
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Producers
Photosynthesis is responsible for adding oxygen to—and removing carbon dioxide from—Earth's atmosphere.
Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth. Some types of organisms rely on the energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds. Plants use the energy from sunlight to carry out the process of photosynthesis.
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Consumers
Consumers/Heterotrophs
Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.
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Herbivores
There are many different types of heterotrophs.
Herbivores eat plants.
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Carnivores
Carnivores eat animals.
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Omnivores
Omnivores eat both plants and animals.
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Detritivores
Detritivores/ Scavengers feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter.
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Decomposers
Decomposers, like bacteria and fungi, break down organic matter.
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16. Feeding Relationships
How does energy flow through living systems?
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17. Feeding Relationships
Flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers).
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18. Feeding Relationships
Food Chains
series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
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19. Feeding Relationships
In some marine food chains, the producers are microscopic algae and the top carnivore is four steps removed from the producer.
Small Fish
Zooplankton
Squid
Food chains show the one-way flow of energy in an ecosystem. In this marine food chain, energy is passed from the producers (algae) to four different groups of consumers.
Shark
Algae
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20. Feeding Relationships
Food Webs
links all the food chains in an ecosystem together.
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21. Feeding Relationships
This food web shows some of the feeding relationships in a salt-marsh community.
This illustration of a food web shows some of the feeding relationships in a salt marsh.
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22. Feeding Relationships
Trophic Levels
Each step in a food chain or food web
Producers – first
Consumers - second, third, or higher
Each consumer depends on the trophic level below it for energy.
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23. What is Biological Magnification?
Like a magnifying glass that makes things look bigger, biological magnification makes a toxin get more concentrated as it travels through a food chain.
This happens when a toxin is ingested or eaten and moved up the food chain from one living thing to the next.
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24. What is Biological Magnification?
As it moves up the food chain, the toxin gets magnified or more concentrated.
This happens because when larger animals eat smaller animals or prey, they don’t just eat one or two of these animals during their lifetime, sometimes they eat thousands or millions.
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25. What is Biological Magnification?
Not only are these animals ingesting their prey, they’re also ingesting all of their prey’s toxins!
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Predict who you think is most affected by biological magnification in this food web?
Since nothing eats the killer whale, it sits at the top of the food chain. That may sound like good news for the killer whale, but it isn’t. Due to biological magnification and being at the top of the food web, it suffers most from poisons. By the time the killer whale eats the contaminated seal, it’s also eating the pesticides from thousands of contaminated fish, shellfish and plankton that were part of the seals’ and the crabeater’s food chain.
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3–2
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3–2
The main source of energy for life on Earth is
organic chemical compounds.
inorganic chemical compounds.
sunlight.
producers.
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Organisms that feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter are
detritivores.
carnivores.
herbivores.
autotrophs.
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3–2
How does a food web differ from a food chain?
A food web contains a single series of energy transfers.
A food web links many food chains together.
A food web has only one trophic level.
A food web shows how energy passes from producer to consumer.
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End Day 1
Label the food chain on the right side of your handout with the correct identifier(s).
Complete Out question on student handout.
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