1. Review Animal Evolution Non-molting vs. Molting
Embryonic Mouth Formation
Body Symmetry
Non-organs vs. Organs
Review

2. What’s this?

3. Embryo Formation
Deuterostomia
Protostomia

4. Embryo Formation
Deuterostomia
Protostomia

5. Review Animal Evolution Non-molting vs. Molting
Embryonic Mouth Formation
Body Symmetry
Non-organs vs. Organs
Review

6. Deuterostome Phylogeny
Echinoderms
1 BYA
Tunicates
Cephalochordates
Phylum Chordata
Vertebrates

7. Phylum Chordata Subphylum: Urochordata Subphylum: Cephalochordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata

8. What are the specific characteristics of the Chordata?
1) Pharyngeal gills
2) Dorsal hollow nerve cord
3) Notochord
4) Postanal tail

9. Phylum Chordata
Specific Characteristics:

10. Phylum Chordata
Specific Characteristics:

11. Phylum Chordata
Specific Characteristics:

12. Internal Skeleton = Endoskeleton
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata (Vertebrates) Sk
Internal Skeleton = Endoskeleton

13. or nails
Legs
Endoskeleton
Kidney

15. But before there was a skeleton
Pikaia
But before there was a skeleton
there was a notochord
Zebra fish

16. VERTEBRATE ORIGINS
Pikaia

17. Vertebrate Evolution Sea  Fresh Water
Body surface covered with scales and armor to reduce water influx
Kidney evolved to pump out water that did enter via gills
Notochord  backbone and skeletal system for calcium storage and improved locomotion
Gills  Gills + Lungs to deal with water with low O2 levels in marshes