1. Energy Review & Systems Notes

2. Energy = the ability to do work or transfer heat
Kinetic Energy = moving energy
Ex: wind, heat, electromagnetic radiation
Potential Energy = stored energy
Unlit match, nuclear energy stored in nuclei of atoms, chemical energy (energy in food)

3. Kinetic vs. Potential Energy

4. Laws of Thermodynamics
1st law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change form!
2nd Law: When energy changes form, it loses quality; usually in the form of heat

6. Energy Quality
High quality energy – concentrated; high capacity to do useful work
Nuclear fission, burning coal, gasoline
Low quality energy – dispersed; little capacity to do useful work
Heat of the ocean, burning wood

7. The main goal of thermoDynamics Is to follow energy flowing from one place to another during chemical or physical changes
To determine the quantity of heat exchanged between a system and its surroundings.
System: Part of the universe being studied (usually a chemical reaction)
Surroundings: The rest of the universe that interacts with the system

8. What are systems and how do they respond to change?
Open system: exchanges of matter and energy occur across boundaries
Closed system: No matter and energy exchanges across boundaries (occur way less)
Inputs: additions to a system
Outputs: losses from a system

9. System Analysis
Determine the inputs and outputs of a system and evaluate change
Steady state: when inputs = outputs so the system isn’t changing

10. Endothermic vs. Exothermic
endothermic reaction: energy is absorbed from the surroundings in the form of heat.
exothermic reaction: energy is released from the system into the surroundings.