1. Review of Chapter 10 (condensed states of matter)
A.P. Chem
Review of Chapter 10 (condensed states of matter)
ln (VP1/VP2) = DHv/R (1/T2-1/T1) Clausius-Clapeyron
Properties to be aware of : V.P., B.P., DHv, Surf. Ten., volatility, viscosity
Properties to be aware of : melting pts, conductivity, and solubility
…all related to attractive forces Pc
Critical Point…
V.P. solid= V.P. liquid
SOLID
LIQUID
V.P. liquid curve
Defined: Structural units held together by attractive forces enough to make a rigid structure
Defined: Clustery with short range order
Pressure→
GAS
Types (ranked by bond strength):
Macromolecular (atoms—covalent bonds)
Ionic (ions—ionic bonds)
Metallic (atoms—metallic bonds)
Molecular (molecules – intermolecular bonds)
Triple Point… all 3 phases in equilibrium
Defined: Random
V.P. solid curve
Organization?
No→
Yes→
DHvap
Amorphous
Same mat’l but diff. pattern: Allotropism KE
Crystalline…units arranged in a geometric pattern
DHfus
←q = mcDT
Found by X-ray Diffraction
Simplest repeating pattern: Unit Cell
Time
Bragg’s Law: (nl = 2d sinq)
Temperature→
Coord. # Varieties
Types: Tc
simple (1)
BCC (2)
FCC (4) aka CCP (ABC…ABC stacking in metals)
Cubic, Tetragonal, Orthorhombic, Monoclinic, Triclinic, Rhombohedral, Hexagonal
(AB…AB stacking in metals)