1. Geo Day 24

2. Who were the 4 major Orishas and what were they the god of?
Starter
Who were the 4 major Orishas and what were they the god of?

3. African Civilizations

4. The Noks: 3500BCE – 1000BCE
Earliest known established culture of West Africa region
Lived in modern day Nigeria
Disappeared, no one knows why

5. Kingdom of Ghana Djenné-Djeno (Jen-ay-jeno)
Region south of the Sahel Desert
Djenné-Djeno (Jen-ay-jeno)
Large city dating back to 250 BCE
Oldest known city in Sub- Saharan Africa
50,000 people living in the city

6. Zimbabwe Southern Africa Zimbabwe = ‘stone houses’
Country is named as massive structure called “The Great Zimbabwe”
Spans over 1800 acres

7. Kingdom of Aksum (Axum): 100CE – 940CE
Located in the Horn of Africa in modern Ethiopia
Founded by a son of King Solomon and Queen of Sheba
Could have existed earlier, but first mentioned by the Greeks in 100 CE
Focused its efforts on trading between Europe, Africa, and Asia

8. To what continents or countries did Aksum’s trade routes give it access?
Why was Aksum able to become a major trading center?

9. What did they trade? From Africa From Asia From Europe Salt Gold
Animal Skins
From Asia
Spices
Rice
From Europe
Cloth
Wine
Glass
Iron/Copper

10. Aksumite Innovations 1st African written language outside of Egypt
1st African empire to mint coins
Created new methods of agriculture
1st African empire to use terrace farming
1st African empire to use canals for irrigation

11. Terrace farming or step farming: This method of farming uses "steps" that are built into the side of a mountain or hill. On each level, various crops are planted. When it rains, instead of washing away all of the nutrients in the soil, the nutrients are carried down to the next level. 

12. International Culture in Aksum
Migration (Trading) in Aksum blends cultures together
Cosmopolitan = Culturally diverse urban center
Adulis, the capital city, was the New York of its time

13. Aksum Converts to Christianity
King Ezana’s teacher growing up was a Christian slave
King Ezana converts to Christianity and makes it the official religion
The first and oldest Christian country
Ethiopia

14. The Fall of Aksum Land around Aksum was conquered by Islamic Invaders
Originally protected by Islam because Aksum protected Muhammad’s family
Aksum lost its access to the Red Sea
Without the trade, the Aksum Empire fell
Aksumites moved to the mountains and created Ethiopia

16. Africa DBQ

17. 1.5-2 pg Google Doc Essay How can we turn this into a question?
How can you answer the question? (This is your claim or thesis)
Come up with 3 arguments that support your claim
Introduce claim and 3 arguments in intro paragraph
In separate paragraphs for each, provide your evidence (direct quotes) for each argument.
Once you have provided evidence, then explain how it relates to your argument, why that argument is important, and how it ties back to your thesis.
Finish with a conclusion paragraph.
In conclusion
Restate claim and 3 arguments.

18. Name Class Date Title This is me writing an intro paragraph and then eventually writing separate argument paragraphs and finishing with a thesis. The body of the paper should be double- spaced. To cite articles you will talk about an example like how Al-Bakri says, “The court of appeal is held in a domed pavilion” (Doc 2). Then do not forget to explain why the quote and the argument is important.