1. Connections to Today
List and describe the ongoing effects of industrialization.

2. Overpopulation
Read article on India

5. Famine
Famine is the “triple failure” of (1) food production, (2) people’s ability to access food and, finally and most crucially (3) in the political response by governments and international donors. Crop failure and poverty leave people vulnerable to starvation – but famine only occurs with political failure. In Somalia years of internal violence and conflict have been highly significant in creating the conditions for famine. – Oxfam International

6. Famine
Many historians say that Malthus’ theory on population was wrong because the industrialized nations of Europe avoided famine by decreasing their average family size. What they don’t elaborate on is that they also supplemented their food supply by subjugating Ireland and conquering nations in Africa and Asia. (Remember, the winners write the history books). So, looking at the ongoing problems in these regions, what do you think of Malthusian Theory now?
As nations in Africa and Asia now try to follow in Europe’s footsteps of industrialization, what evidence do you see of history repeating itself?

7. Pollution
Article on China

8. Global Warming

9. Scan document 2 of June 01 exam

10. Rich nations point out that developing countries, while responsible for just 26 percent of carbon emissions since 1950, are quickly becoming major emitters in their own right. And, as industrial countries emphasize, booming populations and economic growth are fueling an explosive increase in carbon emissions. The United States Department of Energy projects that carbon output from developing nations will, in the absence of any new policies, outgrow that of their neighbors as early as 2020, with China eclipsing the United States as the world’s leading emitter by 2015.
— World Watch,1998

12. Child labor
To save on labor costs in the 1990s, many corporations have moved their manufacturing operations overseas to poor countries. In sweatshops in these developing countries, young children work long hours under wretched conditions. They are unprotected by child labor laws. For mere pennies per hour, children sort vegetables, stitch soccer balls, or assemble expensive basketball shoes. In the United States each year $178 billion worth of clothing is sold. Some studies estimate more than half of that clothing is manufactured in sweatshops where children work. Like the children who toiled in Manchester’s factories in the 1800s, children labor to help support their families.

13. Child labor is a problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Africa and Asia together account for over 90 percent of total child employment Children work for a variety of reasons, the most important being poverty and the pressure upon them to escape from this plight. Though children are not well paid, they still serve as major contributors to family income in developing countries. Schooling problems also contribute to child labor, whether it be the inaccessibility of schools or the lack of quality education which spurs parents to enter their children in more profitable pursuits
Working children are the objects of extreme exploitation in terms of toiling [working] for long hours for minimal pay. Their work conditions are especially severe, often not providing proper physical and mental development However, there are problems with the solution of immediately abolishing child labor to prevent such abuse. First, there is no international agreement defining child labor, making it hard to isolate cases of abuse, let alone abolish them. Second, many children may have to work in order to attend school so abolishing child labor may only hinder their education The state could help make it worthwhile for a child to attend school, whether it be by providing students with nutritional supplements or increasing the quality and usefulness of obtaining an education. There must be an economic change in the condition
of a struggling family to free a child from the responsibility of working. Family subsidies can help provide this support.

14. Connections to Today
List and describe the ongoing effects of industrialization.