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2.2 Ancient Rome 600 BCE-600 CE.

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Presentation on theme: "2.2 Ancient Rome 600 BCE-600 CE."— Presentation transcript:

1 2.2 Ancient Rome 600 BCE-600 CE

2 Expansion At first, surrounded by enemies
Roman Confederation extended citizenship, allowed local gov’t, and renewed loyal allies Good diplomats Accomplished, persistent soldiers Practical-colonies, roads

3

4 The Roman State Two Consuls
Senate composed of landowners (aristocrats) Senate advice has force of law Assembly organized by class w/ wealthiest as majority Elected officials who passed laws

5 Council of Plebs Was born out of struggle btwn, the patricians and the plebeians Tribune of the Plebs Plebeians gradually gained equal rights

6 Conquests Romans took over many parts of the Med. World
Carthage, the largest and richest states in w. Med. First Punic War Hannibal created the Second Punic War Third Punic War Carthage becomes a Roman province Rome gained Macedonia, Greece, and Pergamum

7 Fall of Republic Growing inequality and unrest
Control by a circle of families Landless poor in the cities Marius recruits from landless and promises land Sulla wins civil war against Marius

8 Collapse First Triumvirate: Caesar, Crassus, Pompey
Crassus dies; Caesar defeats Pompey Caesar is made dictator weakening the Senate Caesar is assassinated Second Triumvirate: Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus Octavian defeats Antony

9 Age of Augustus First Roman emperor Controlled the army
Stabilized Rome Frontiers of empire stabilized Cult worship Increased women’s legal rights

10 Early Empire Augustus’ successors corrupt Five good emperors
Used the Praetorian Guard Senate lost power Five good emperors Pax Romana Expanding powers of the emperor Trajan, Hadrian builds public works

11 Early Empire Prosperity and internal peace
Consumption-oriented society Farming is the chief occupation Gulf between the rich and the poor

12 Roman Law Humans are logical Basic natural rights Twelve Tables
Law of Nations Citizens vs. non-citizens Eventually all free men & women were considered citizens

13 Roman Family Paterfamilias-dominate male
Girls pushed into early marriages Changed by the 2nd century BCE Paterfamilias lost absolute authority Women are not required to have guardians Considerable freedom for upper-class women

14 Slavery Society depended on slave labor
Conquest of Med. Brought foreign slaves Slaves used in many ways Treatment varied greatly Slave revolts occurred in Sicily and Italy

15 Daily Life Overcrowded, noisy, dangerous
Living conditions bad for the poor Great public buildings Malnutrition common Public Entertainment Horse, chariot races Dramatic performances Gladiatorial shows

16 Roman Religion Official state religion Worship of gods and goddesses
Proper relationship w/ gods guaranteed peace, prosperity Empire’s success proved gods’ favor Polytheistic, tolerant Household, countryside spirits Attraction to mystery religions of the east

17 Judaism Judea was a Roman province governed by a procurator
Unrest and internal division in Judea Sadducees favor cooperation w/ the Romans Essences await the Messiah Zealots want violent overthrow

18 Christianity Jesus began preaching
He taught transformation of inner person more important than strict laws Sermon on the Mount (Matthew)

19 Christianity Jesus was denounced by radicals, conservatives, and the Romans Crucified Christianity movement within Judaism Paul of Tarsus Epistles New Testament

20 Christianity Jerusalem first center Values differed from Greco-Roman
Rome persecuted the Christians which strengthened the religion Becomes more organized Emerging role of Bishops Clergy separate from laity

21 Christianity Promise of salvation Simple initiation by baptism
Offered personal relationship with God Fulfilled human need to belong Esp. attractive to poor, powerless Constantine becomes first Christian emperor Theodosius the Great makes Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

22 Decline of Western Roman Empire
Third Century invasions, civil war, plague, and economic crisis The reforms of Diocletain and Constantine The Late Empire Divided into 4 units Army enlarged Building of Constantinople More taxes Economic, social policies based on control and coercion

23 The Fall Empire continues to divide into western and eastern parts
Invading Germanic Tribes in west Huns Visigoths Vandals Romulus Augustulus deposed in 476

24 Split of Roman World Western Roman Empire splits between German tribes
Eastern Roman Empire becomes the Byzantine Empire Justinian Split of Christianity Catholic Church (Pope) Orthodox (Patriarch)

25 Theories of the Fall Christianity weakened military virtues
Non-Italians weakened traditional values Lead poisoning Plague Overdependence on slaves No workable political system

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