1. 5-5 NOTES: TRANSLATION RNA  PROTEIN

2. Remember…. Flow of information is: DNA  RNA  Protein
Called the Central Dogma

3. Translation
Definition: The process of assembling proteins from the mRNA message.
Location: ribosome
Molecules involved: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

4. BEFORE TRANSLATION TAKES PLACE
DNA has the codes to make a protein

5. BEFORE TRANSLATION TAKES PLACE
DNA has the codes to make a protein
mRNA is transcribed carrying the copy of information to make a protein

6. BEFORE TRANSLATION TAKES PLACE
DNA has the codes to make a protein
mRNA is transcribed carrying the copy of information to make a protein
mRNA leaves the nucleus and binds to a ribosome.

7. Steps of Translation Step 1- Initiation
Ribosome assembles at the start codon of mRNA (methionine) AUG

8. Steps of Translation Step 2- Elongation
The ribosome moves down the mRNA one codon at a time and tRNA adds an amino acid

9. Steps of Translation Step 2 Elongation
Peptide bonds are formed between the amino acids creating a growing polypeptide.
Protein molecule

10. Steps of Translation Step 3- Termination
The process continues until a stop codon is reached.
Ribosome falls apart releasing the newly made protein
stop codon
Protein molecule

12. Proteins
20 different amino acids are used to create thousands of different proteins.

13. Proteins
20 different amino acids are used to create thousands of different proteins.
The # and order of these AA determines which protein they become.

14. How does tRNA know which AA to bring?

15. tRNA reads Codons
A Codon is 3 nucleotides long on mRNA

16. tRNA reads Codons A Codon is 3 nucleotides long on mRNA
Each codon codes for an Amino Acid

17. tRNA reads Codons A Codon is 3 nucleotides long on mRNA
Each codon codes for an Amino Acid
Certain codons signal start and stop.

18. Genetic Code
The genetic code is a set of rules for translation

19. How to use the Genetic Code (Translating)
Use the three letters of the codon
1st letter on left side to find row
2nd letter on top to find column
3rd letter on right to narrow down to one AA
AAC

20. Transcribe then translate this piece of DNA
DNA: T-A-C-A-A-T- A-G-G-G-T- C
mRNA:
AA:

21. Make and fill in chart Translation Transcription location
Molecule made
Molecules involved