1. Climates of the Earth Ch. 3: Climates of the Earth
Lesson 1: Earth-Sun Relationships
Lesson 2: Factors Affecting Climate
Lesson 3: World Climate Patterns

2. OBJECTIVE: Students will learn about the climates of the earth and how they impact humans

3. Earth and Space Vocabulary
Galaxies: large groups of stars such as the Milky way.
Solar system: The Sun and the group of bodies that revolve around it.

4. Rotation: one complete spin of the earth on its axis.
Revolution: One elliptical orbit, every 365 ¼ days, around the sun.

5. Rotation vs Revolution

6. Earth-Sun Relationships
TROPICS: Warm low-latitude areas near the equator—receive solar energy all year
POLAR REGIONS: areas that surround the North and South Poles—receive very little solar energy and are cold most of the time.—high latitude.
MID-Latitude: solar energy changes greatly during the year.

7. SEASONS
Summer and Winter Solstices, June 21/December 22—the days when the sun appears directly overhead at the tropics of Capricorn/Cancer
Spring and Fall Equinoxes, March 21/September 23—the days when the sun appears directly overhead at the Equator= equal days and nights.

9. Climate and Weather Two main factors of both Climate and Weather:
Temperature and Precipitation

10. Vocabulary
Weather: condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place (DAILY).
Climate: Weather conditions in a geographic region over a long time.

11. Temperature: the measurement of heat
Greenhouse effect: Earth’s atmosphere traps heat energy

12. Global warming: evidence that shows that Earth has gotten warmer in recent decades.

13. Precipitation
Precipitation: water droplets that fall in the form of rain, sleet, snow, and hail.
Humidity: the amount of water vapor in the air.

14. Evaporation: water changes from a liquid to a gas.

15. Condensation: water vapor changes from a gas into liquid droplets.

16. Elevation and Mountain Effects
An increase in elevation causes a drop in temperature. (why we have snow on mountain tops)
Windward side: receives a great deal of moisture due to wind.
Leeward side: as air moves down the leeward side, it warms and dries. This drier area is called a rain shadow.

17. Orographic effect: when air pushes against a mountain, the mountains force the air to rise. The rising air cools and condenses, forming clouds and precipitation.

18. Storms
Hurricanes: most powerful and destructive tropical cyclones. Heavy rain and winds higher than 155 mph. Found in the Atlantic.
Typhoons: hurricanes in the Pacific.
Cyclones: hurricanes in the southern hemisphere.
Tornadoes: funnel clouds with thunder and lightning.

19. Climate and Vegetation
Tundra
Boreal Forest
Temperate forest/ Temperate grassland/Desert
Rain Forest/ Savanna/ Desert
Climate and Vegetation
HOT Decreasing Temperature COLD
WET decreasing Moisture DRY

20. Tropical Climates
Tropical Humid: Along Equator; Equatorial South America, Congo Basin in Africa, Southeast Asia: Warm and Rainy year round with Rain totaling inches/year
Tropical Wet and Dry Climate: Between humid tropics and deserts: tropic regions of Africa, South and Central America, South and Southeast Asia, Austrailia: Warm all year; distinct rainy and dry seasons

21. Tropical Humid

23. Tropical Wet and Dry

25. Dry
Arid: centered along 30degree latitude; less than 10 inches of rain/year
Semi arid: borders deserts and interiors of large continents: about inches of rain per year hot summers and cooler winters with wide temperature ranges.

26. Arid

28. Semiarid

30. Middle-Latitude Climates
Mediterranean: only coastal
Humid Subtropical —found on eastern side of continents where there are warm ocean currents.
Marine West Coast Climate —heavily influenced by oceans
Humid Continental —found on interiors. Has 4 distinct seasons.

31. Humid Subtropical

33. Mediterranean

35. Marine West Coast

37. Humid Continental

39. High Latitude and Highland Climates
Subarctic Climate: above 50 degrees north latitude
Tundra Climate: coastal areas in high latitudes/permafrost—permanently frozen soil
Ice Cap Climate: Polar regions
Highland Climate: Varying climates changes with elevation

40. Subarctic

42. Tundra

43. Ice Cap

45. Highlands