1. Basal Ganglia

2. Objectives Anatomy and Blood supply: Draw or describe the Motor Loop
Striatum – Caudate and Putamen
Lentiform – Putamen and Globus Pallidus (internus and externus)
Subthalamic nuclei
Substantia Nigra (pars compacta, pars reticulata)
Pedunculopontine Nucleus
Draw or describe the Motor Loop
Describe the pathologies of Parkinson’s and Huntington’s Diseases

3. Caudate nucleus
Inferior and lateral to superior horn of lateral ventricles
Superior and lateral to inferior horn of lateral ventricles

4. Caudate nucleus Part of neostriatum Head is connected to putamen
Tail is connected to amygdala
Lenticulostriate branches of MCA

5. putamen Part of neostriatum and lentiform nucleus
Lenticulostriate branches of MCA

6. Globus pallidus (Pallidum)
Paleostriatum
Internus and externus
Lenticulostriate branches of MCA

7. Other small structures
Subthalamus (STN)
Substantia Nigra 2 parts:
SNr
SNc
Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN)

8. Motor control Lateral pathways Ventromedial pathways
Lateral = voluntary conscious control
Ventromedial = postural muscles and balance

9. Motor loop Basal Ganglia Loop: Direct pathway Indirect pathway
Increased motor activity
Indirect pathway
Decreased motor activity
Thalamus – VL nucleus specifically

10. Draw it
Motor Cortex
Thalamus
Striatum
SNr
GPi
GPe
SNc
STN

11. simplified
& Caudate
GPe
& SNr

12. Parkinson’s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hu4eTijdIv0

13. Parkinson’s Disease
Compare and contrast this depiction of Parkinson’s with the previous normal diagram.
What’s the source of the problem?
How is each pathway affected?
What are the symptoms that result?
HINT: the size of the text and thickness of arrows show relative amounts of activation
GPe

14. Huntington’s

15. Huntington’s disease
Compare and contrast this depiction of Huntington’s with the 2 diagrams.
What’s the source of the problem?
How is each pathway affected?
What are the symptoms that result?
GPe

16. Draw and explain to study
Draw the Basal Ganglia motor loop
Label each pathway within the loop and whether it is excitatory or inhibitory
Explain to a partner why the direct loop increases movement and why the indirect loop decreases movement

17. Conclusion Assignment 5 due Monday!!
Read L-E ch. 11 part 2 to reinforce motor loop for Quiz 3 and Final Exam