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The Circuit Architecture of Whole Brains at the Mesoscopic Scale

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1 The Circuit Architecture of Whole Brains at the Mesoscopic Scale
Partha P. Mitra  Neuron  Volume 83, Issue 6, Pages (September 2014) DOI: /j.neuron Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2 Figure 1 The Mesoscale as a Transitional Scale between a Microscopic Scale where Large Interindividual Differences Exist, to a Larger Scale where a Species-Typical Pattern that Is Relatively Stable across Individuals Is Observed The two schematic illustrations of distributions of neuronal somata represent two individuals, showing a transition between two brain regions (denoted in black and green) with differing densities of the neurons symbolized as filled triangles. At the microscale (top plot), the schematized density shows variations with large variations between individuals. At the mesoscopic scale (bottom plot), a smoother density is obtained that is relatively stable across individuals and shows a species-typical structure. Neuron  , DOI: ( /j.neuron ) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3 Figure 2 The Failure of Regional Connectivity Matrices to Capture Information about Collateral Branching Patterns, and the Utility of Retrograde Tracer Injections in Revealing Information about Such Collateral Branches. The two neuronal configurations in (A) and (D) both correspond to the same regional connectivity matrix (B and E). Nevertheless, these configurations are neurobiologically different: in (D), individual neurons from region A send branches to both regions B and C, ensuring synchrony between signals sent from the neuronal somata in A to targets in B and C. The difference can be characterized by adding a hidden node H to the connectivity matrices that represent the branch point (C and F). Double retrograde injections with two fluorescent tracers with different colors injected into the target regions, can unambiguously identify neurons sending collateral branches to regions B and C (G). A single retrograde injection into region B, if it fills the entire neuron (requiring both retrograde and anterograde transport at the branch point), can also reveal collateral branches (H). Neuron  , DOI: ( /j.neuron ) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

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