1. Plagiarism and how to avoid it
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2. Plagiarism. Definition and Examples
occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else’s language, ideas, or other original (not common-knowledge) material without acknowledging its source (Council of Writing Program Administrators)

3. Plagiarism. Definition and Examples
Smith comes to realize  that practitioners of any given faith do not from the time immemorial come to appreciate  as religion until they have developed a degree of cultural self-regard, causing them to see their collective spiritual practices and beliefs as in some way significantly different from the other. (highlighted parts were directly lifted off Wikipedia)

4. Plagiarism. Definition and Examples

5. How to avoid plagiarism and careless sourcing
One must be able to think when one writes, and thinking is not borne out of laziness.
Read and digest the source material prior to writing.
Use the downtime to formulate the outline of a particular article to be able to grasp the information, references, researches, and additional things needed to come up with an article efficiently.

6. How to avoid plagiarism and careless sourcing
Use the sources to support originally developed ideas but not to make them the main content of the paper.
If you’re going to paraphrase, make sure it is done only to support an argument or an idea and don’t forget to cite sources.
Starting a writing assignment a few days or a few hours till deadline will only tense you up. Pressure is the enemy of creativity. And a tense writer is a dead writer.

7. Example of paraphrasing
Original Text: “However, its [television] growth was halted by the outbreak of the Second World War, and it was not until the 1950s that development started again” (Steinberg, 2007, p. 9)
Paraphrased Version: Television resumed its development in the 1950s after the Second World War hampered its growth (Steinberg, 2007).

8. Notes on paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is not merely changing the order of the words.
Original Text: “However, its [television] growth was halted by the outbreak of the Second World War, and it was not until the 1950s that development started again” (Steinberg, 2007, p. 9)
It was not until the 1950s that development started again after its growth was halted by the outbreak of the Second World War.

9. Notes on paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is not merely changing some of the words
Original Text: “However, its [television] growth was halted by the outbreak of the Second World War, and it was not until the 1950s that development started again” (Steinberg, 2007, p. 9)
However, its evolution was stopped by the occurrence of the Second World War, and it was not until the 1950s that progress started again.

10. Notes on paraphrasing
If source material cannot be paraphrased, use quotation marks with proper in-text citation.
Instead of: 
One carries out planning, budgeting, administrative control and reporting within the framework of this program structure.
Do this:
One carries  out “planning, budgeting, administrative control and reporting within the framework of this program structure” (Rosenberg, n.d., p. 9).

11. Notes on paraphrasing

12. Intellectual dishonesty
padding items of a bibliography
fabricating data
plagiarizing published material, class assignments, or lab reports
including sources in a bibliography or reference list that you have not used in the preparation of your paper; listing unused sources is called padding the bibliography. (Purdue University)

13. What to cite:
Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium
Information gained through interviewing or conversing with another person, face to face, over the phone, or in writing
newspaper, song, TV program, movie, web page, copied exact words, or a unique phrase

14. What to cite:
reprinted diagrams, illustrations, charts, pictures, or other visual materials
electronically available media, including images, audio, video, or other media

15. What not to cite anymore:
personal experiences, own observations and insights, own thoughts, and own conclusions about a subject
results obtained through lab or field experiments
own artwork, digital photographs, video, audio, etc.

16. What not to cite anymore:
"common knowledge," things like folklore, common sense observations, myths, urban legends, and historical events (but not historical documents)
generally-accepted facts, e.g., pollution is bad for the environment, including facts that are accepted within particular discourse communities, e.g., in the field of composition studies, "writing is a process" is a generally-accepted fact.

17. Thank you for your attention
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