1. World War I
Mr Pack World History

2. Prior to WWI Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente- France, Great Britain, Russia

3. Prior to WWI
Estimated 16 million deaths an average of 5000 people per day
1914- Austria- Hungary Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo (Bosnia was recently made a new province).
Assassin- teenager Gavrilo Princip (Black Hand) wanted Bosnia to join Serbia not Austria Hungary

4. Franz Ferdinand, Wife sophie

5. WWI Beginning
Austria-Hungary blames the country of Serbia for attack, issues unreasonable demands in the “July crisis” hoping to pressure Serbia into war
Russia (friendly with Serbia) starts mobilization (preparation for war) this is considered an act of aggression
Germany (Austria-Hungary’s ally) declares war on Russia institutes the Schlieffen plan (this plan calls for an attack on both Russia and France), declare war on France

6. WWI To conquer France, Germany must go through neutral Belgium.
Great Britain declares war on Germany for violating Belgium neutrality.
Young men volunteer for war (reasons, nationalism, adventure, glory) expecting the war to be over in weeks

7. Reasons WWI Imperialism- competition between nations
Militarism- buildup of armed forces, aggressive preparation for war
Alliances- come to each other’s aid
Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Allies- Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy and eventually America

8. Trench warfare
No man’s Land- area between two opposing armies trenches, filled with obstacles such as barb wire
Machine guns, flamethrowers (first used in WWI)
Tank invented to drive over trenches
Mustard gas- chemical warfare used to immobilize or kill the enemy often causing blindness

9. No man’s Land, Flamethrower

10. WWI
WWI becomes a war of attrition- war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses
Airplanes first used in war- primarily for scouting, air battles
Mannfred Von Richthofen “Red Baron”- top WWI pilot who fought for Germany, credited with 80 air victories
T.E. Lawrence- British officer, encourages Arab princes to revolt against Ottoman Empire

11. Gas mask, machine gun, Red Baron, Lawrence

12. America enters war America attempted to stay neutral
British blockade causes Germany to respond with unrestricted submarine warfare (sinking of supply ships/ warships)
British ship the Lusitania sunk, (over 100 Americans on board)
President Woodrow Wilson declares war
Russian Tsar Nicholas II abdicates, eventually Bolsheviks seize power under Lenin. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk=Russia out of the war

13. Tank, dogfight, Lusitania

14. End of War American troops help turn tide of war
Revolts in Germany lead to an Armistice (end to fighting)
Woodrow Wilson 14 points- Plan for peace, no secret agreements between nations, free trade, freedom of the seas and reduction of military forces
League of Nations- Wilson’s idea of a joint organization of world nations whose goal was to preserve peace and security

15. End of War
Versailles Treaty- Germany forced to sign under threat of French invasion, officially ends war
Germany treated harshly, billed for reparations (33 billion) and must admit war guilt, have limited Army
League of nations unpopular in America, threat to American independence – no commitment to other nations

16. Effects of war
Map of Europe is redrawn- Austria- Hungary Empire and Ottoman Empire collapse
New countries created such as Yugoslavia, Austria, Iraq and Palestine
Harlem Hellfighters- African American infantry unit that was assigned to French command during WWI. Commended with many awards for their fighting prowess and bravery.

17. Woodrow Wilson

18. Harlem Hellfighters

19. Responder 1 Q1
Which country did not honor their alliance at the beginning of WWI, switching sides to the Allies?
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Russia
Italy

20. Responder 1 Q2
What was the name of the Archduke who was assassinated in Sarajevo, leading to WWI?
Franz Ferdinand
Gavrilo Princip
Winston Churchill
Kaiser Wilhelm

21. Responder 1 Q3
What was the name of the organization that was behind the assassination of the Austria-Hungary Archduke?
Al-Queda
Black Hand Society
Red Band Society
Casbah clientele

22. Responder 1 Q4
The Schlieffen Plan, (by Germany) involved a strategy of attacking Russia and also this nation.
Great Britain
United States
France
Belgium

23. Responder 1 Q5 Great Britain declared war on Germany in WWI because…
Germany had allied with the Ottoman Empire
Germany’s use of unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany violated Belgium neutrality
Germany bombed Russia

24. Responder 2 Q1
What did Austria Hungary hope to achieve during the “July Crisis”?
A)Ending Daylight Savings Time
B) Blockade of Britain
C) Pressure Serbia into war
D) Prevent the Schlieffen Plan from being enacted

25. Responder 2 Q2
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for WWI?
Imperialism B) Alliances
C) Trench Warfare D) Militarism

26. Responder 2 Q3 Which of the following was NOT used in WWI?
A) Atom Bomb B) Flamethrowers
C) Tanks D) Airplanes

27. Responder 2 Q4
Who seized power under the Bolsheviks in Russia during WWI?
A) T.E. Lawrence B) Franz Ferdinand
C) Nicholas II D) Lenin

28. Responder 2 Q5
Under the Versailles Treaty, Germany had to do all of the following EXCEPT…
A) Pay reparations
B) Limit Military
C) Withdraw from League of Nations
D) Sign guilt clause