1. Cell Structure and Function

2. Review: Define the following terms.
cell
Cyte =
Cytology -
Histo =
Histology -
Cell -
Study of cells
tissue
Study of tissue
Units of structure and function in living things

3. Cells are the smallest unit that can perform all life processes
Cells are the smallest unit that can perform all life processes. (units of structure and function)

4. The Discovery of Cells

5. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Anton van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch lens maker.
He developed the first microscope and viewed living cells.

7. Robert Hooke Robert Hooke named cells after the cork he saw.
It was dead and empty.

8. Schileiden -
All plants are made of cells.
Schwann -
All animals are made of cells.

9. Virchow -
Cells come from other cells.

10. The work of these men is summarized into the cell theory.
All organisms are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function.
All cells come from preexisting cells.
Cells contain hereditary material (DNA).

11. Metabolic Processes of Cells
These processes occur simultaneously within all cells.
nutrition - food for energy and growth
digestion - breakdown of molecules by enzymes and water, hydrolysis
absorption - taking in of vital substances (water, food, ions, oxygen, vitamins)

12. 4. biosynthesis - building of new compounds
5. respiration - combining glucose and oxygen to release energy for the cell
- an exchange of gases
excretion - elimination of dissolved waste
secretion - discharge of cellular products

13. 8. response - reacts to a stimulus
9. movement - flow of content, contraction, locomotion
10. reproduction - sexual by combining egg and sperm to form a zygote
- asexual by cellular division

14. Kinds of Cells

15. prokaryotic cells - cells without a nucleus
pro = first, before
karyote = nucleus

16. Organisms with a prokaryotic cell are called prokaryotes.
ex: eubacteria – the true bacteria
Archaebacteria

17. 2. eukaryotic cells – cells with a nucleus
eu = true
karyote = ?
Organisms with eukaryotic cells are known as eukaryotes.
animals
plants
fungi
protists

18. Plant Cells

19. Animal Cells

21. Cells vary in size.
Most cells are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

22. A cell’s surface area-to-volume ratio limits the size of a cell.

24. 3 Main Parts of Eukaryotic Cells
1. Cytoplasm
between nucleus and outer membrane
houses organelles
semifluid with water, salts, and organic molecules
Video:

25. ctyoplasmic streaming - moves materials throughout the cell

26. 2. nucleus
controls cellular activities
transmits hereditary material

27. Parts of the Nucleus
nuclear membrane - surrounds and has nuclear pores
nucleolus –
spherical body which produces ribosomes
chromatin –
DNA, hereditary material

28. 3. cell membrane separates cells from surrounding fluid
selectively permeable (semipermeable)
regulates what enters and leaves the cell

29. structure - Fluid Mosaic Model
double layer of phospholipids with proteins embedded

30. Cell Wall found in plants, algae, fungi, bacteria
Rigid; protects and supports
contains cellulose for structure
surrounds cell membrane
Cell Membrane