1. Evaluation of wind farm layouts
Welcome
to the presentation of the paper
Evaluation of wind farm layouts
Sponsored by Swedish National Energy Agency and
ABB Power Technologies
Stefan Lundberg

2. Horns Ref Rated power 160 MW Average wind speed 9.7 m/s Production
600 GWh/year
Project cost
270 million EUR
Transmission distance km
Transmission voltage
150 kV AC
Local voltage
36 kV AC
Karlsgårde
Horns Ref

3. Determination of energy production cost

4. Large AC

5. Small AC

6. AC/DC

7. Large DC

8. Small DC

9. Series DC

11. Power production (steady-state)
Aerodynamic capture -
Aerodynamic losses
Gear box
Generator (AG and PM)
Transformer
Wind turbine converter
Cables (AC and DC)
Cable compensating inductor
HVDC converter
DC/DC converter

13. Wind turbine cost

14. Cable cost

16. Energy production cost

17. Energy production cost 160MW, 10m/s

18. Conclusions
For the “classical” wind parks it was found that the Small AC is best for short distances, the large DC wind park is best for long distances and the large AC wind park is best in between.
The series connected DC wind park seemed to be very promising if the transmission distance is longer then 20km.

19. Power performance model / Energy production
Type of wind turbine
5 m/s
6 m/s
8 m/s
10 m/s
AG Fix speed
271 kW
434 kW
769 kW
1037 kW
AG, Rotor converter
275 kW
437 kW
771 kW
1038 kW

20. Investment costs Wind turbine Foundation = 0.8 MEUR Cables (AC and DC)
Cable installation = 85 EUR/m or 256 EUR/m
Protections
Offshore platform
Transformer
Cable compensating inductor
HVDC converter station = 0.1 EUR/W
DC/DC converter = 0.1 EUR/W

21. Energy production cost
Energy production cost [EUR/kWh]
Total investment [EUR]
Mean output power [kW]
Operational hour under one year [h] = 8760 h
Interest rate = 0.07
Life time of the wind park [years] = 25
Profit in % = 10
Constant

22. System configurations
Power levels
60 MW
100 MW
160 MW
300 MW
Average wind speed
5 m/s
6 m/s
8 m/s
10m/s
Type of wind parks
Small AC
Large AC
AC/DC
Small DC
Large DC
Series DC
Transmission distance:
1-200 km