1. SEESHA Samiti for Education Environment Social and Health Action KARUNYA UNIVERSITY MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY FOR RURAL SURGEONS History of MIS

2. First Mention Ezekiel 21: 21 He looked into the Liver
Oldest mention of looking at internal body part

3. The Beginning
Philipp Bozzini - first ‘Lichtleiter’ (light conductor) in 1804
Pierre Segalas – Cystoscopy in 1826
Maximilian Nitze and Josef Leiter – Platinum glow wire light source

4. Organs through natural orifices
Jan Mikulicz-Radecki – Gastroscope in 1881
Georg Wolf and Rudolph Schindler (1932) – Semi flexible Gastroscope

5. The early Laparoscopy
Hans Christian Jacobäus – first practical laparoscopy in 1879 – 1937 used air insufflation
Christoph Zollikofer used carbon dioxide
Janos Veress developed the needle

6. Video Endoscopy Kurt Semm: First lap. Appendicectomy in 1981
Transferred pictures onto the screen
Used insufflators

7. First SILS and Cholecystectomy
Kurt Semm: First lap. Appendicectomy in 1981
Transferred pictures onto the screen
Used insufflators

8. Video Endoscopy
Erich Mühe (Böblingen) : First lap. Cholecystectomy in 1985 with a large trocar
French surgeons Philippe Mouret and Francois Dubois developed the clinically acceptable method

9. The Association & spread
Jacques Perissat’s (Bordeaux) video demonstration 1989 : started widespread use of the procedure
Perissat initiated international association

10. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Within few years almost all Cholecystectomies were performed laparoscopically in 60 to 90% European countries
Lowered threshold for elective surgeries

11. Other Scopies Thoracoscopy Cystoscopy Hysteroscopy Nasopharyngoscopy
Arthroscopy

12. Important contributions
Kelling in the twenties encouraged diagnostic Lap.
Kurt Semm in the sixties introduced insufflation, electrocoagulation, endo loop, knotting, etc.

13. In India
Dr. Tempton Udwadia is considered the father of laparoscopic surgery in India
Dr. Pradeep Chowbey
Dr. C. Palanivelu