1. Covalent Bonding Highlights

2. Sharing is Caring Two non-metals Two elements that NEED electrons
They will share with one another joint custody of an electron
Sharing is Caring

3. The number of electrons needed to get to 8 tells us the number of times an element will form a “sharing bond.”
In Covalent, every element involved wants 8
(We have no ”givers” here)
How many bonds?

4. Example: H2O

5. If an element needs to share more than one time with another element, this is called either a double bond (shared 2) or a triple bond (shared 3)
Example double bond:
Example triple bond:
Multiple Bonds

6. Properties 1. lower melting points 2. lower boiling points
3. do not conduct electricity (no metals!)
4. Weaker bonds
Properties

7. Polarity Think tug-of-war Nonpolar: Both sides are winning
Polar: One side is slightly winning/pulling the rope closer
How do you know? I will let you know.
Example:
Nonpolar Polar
Polarity

8. 2 Polar molecules are attracted to one another because of their “partial charges.”
2 nonpolar molecules do not feel any attraction to other molecules (not much, anyway)
Example: 2 H2O molecules:
Polar Attractions