1. Imperialism Latin America
Old Imperialism to New Imperialism

2. Nationalist Revolts Social classes divided Latin America
Peninsulares: Spanish & Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in L.A.
Creoles: descendants of Europeans born in L.A. and lived there permanently
Equality for all people, free trade, & free press
Mestizos: people of European and Native American descent

3. Independence in Latin Amer.
Simon Bolivar (in north) Jose de San Martin (in south) lead revolts for independence South America. Join in Peru
Spain loses control, US and Britain take advantage.
Independence in Latin Amer.

4. Revolt in Mexico Events: Result:
Miguel Hidalgo leads an uprising against Spanish – rebellion quickly defeated
Result:
In 1821, Mexico declares its independence from Spain
Revolt in Mexico

5. Santa Anna ruled 1833 – 1855, chaotic, stopped reforms, led to revolt in Texas
Benito Juarez: ruler of Mexico
Brought liberal reforms: separation of church & state, land distribution to poor, and an educational system to Mexico
Revolution in Mexico

6. British and United States in South America
Concert of Europe wanted to restore Spain’s control in S. Amer.
British disagreed w/ other European nations b/c of profitable trade in S.A.
U.S. didn’t trust Britain
Monroe Doctrine: policy of guaranteeing the independence of Latin American nations
Warned European nations against intervention in L.A.
British and United States in South America

7. Explosion kills over 200 sailors on US naval ship “Maine” in Havana harbor (Cuba)
Tho no evidence of Spanish involvement, US declares war on Spain, wins in 3 mos.
US gets Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam & Philippines in 1898.
US annexes Hawaii in same year
Spanish – American War

8. United States policy of Dollar Diplomacy traded U. S
United States policy of Dollar Diplomacy traded U.S. rights of trade for loans to L.A. (Sphere of Influence)
1903 – Panama becomes new nation
U.S. built Panama Canal opened in Connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
U.S. military sent into L.A. to protect investments supported by Roosevelt Corollary (amended Monroe Doctrine)
U.S. in Latin America