1. Factors Affecting Solubility

2. Solubility
Measures mass of a solute that can dissolve in a specific solvent at a certain temperature.

3. 1. Polarity “Like Dissolves Like” Soluble Insoluble Insoluble Soluble
NON POLAR
POLAR
Water
Cyclohexane
C6H6
CoCl2 I2
Sucrose (C12H22O11)
POLAR
Soluble
Insoluble
NON POLAR
Insoluble
Soluble
POLAR
Soluble
Insoluble
“Like Dissolves Like”

4. Sucrose has 8 polar OH groups able to form hydrogen bonds with water
1. Polarity
Solutes dissolve in a solvent with similar forces of attraction
Sucrose has 8 polar OH groups able to form hydrogen bonds with water

5. 2. Molecule Size
Molecules with small non-polar sections can be soluble in polar solvents
miscible
miscible
miscible
Decreasing solubility
Effect of polar OH predominates
Effect of non-polar portion predominates

6. 3. Temperature
Solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent usually increases with temperature

7. 3. Temperature
Solubility of most gases in most liquid solvents decreases with an increase in temperature

8. 4. Pressure
Increased pressure of a gas above a liquid solvent increases the solubility of that particular gas

9. ENERGY CHANGES IN THE SOLUTION PROCESS
3 Processes
Solute separation, the particles must separate from one another this requires energy endothermic
Solvent separation, the solvent particles must also separate from each other also endothermic
Solute particles attract solvent particles releases energy exothermic.

10. Endothermic exothermic processes process
The solution process overall can be either exothermic or endothermic depending on energy required for each process