1. History of Immigration

2. Essential Question:
What was it like to be an immigrant in the 19th & 20th century America?
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3. The New Colossus By Emma Lazarus Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

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Early America
1790 Naturalization Act—free white immigrants could be citizens after 2 years.
1798: Alien & Sedition Acts
Citizenship after 14 years
Deportation of undesirable aliens

5. 1st Wave: 1790-1820 English German Scottish Scots-Irish Copy Reasons
Religious Persecution
Economic Hardship
To own Land

6. 2nd Wave: 1820-1860 Copy Scandinavia: Farmland Irish: Potato Famine
2 million died
1 million immigrated to U.S. on Coffin Ships
Discrimination because Catholic

8. Nativism
Anti-Immigrant
Anti-Catholic & Jew

9. No Nothing Party Also called American Party 1850-1860
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No Nothing Party
Also called American Party
NYC—Order of Star Spangled Banner
Called for excluding non-Protestant immigrants

10. Chart: Rise of Immigrants
3rd Wave:
OLD VS NEW IMMIGRATION
1,593,000
181,1880
2,753,00
926,000
1,110,000
1,847,000
1,069,000
5,780,000
540,000
2,928,000
Chart: Rise of Immigrants

11. Immigrants from Europe
Old New New New

12. OLD VS NEW Protestant Catholic and Jewish
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OLD VS NEW
RELIGION
BIRTHPLACE
REASONS
DESTINATION
OCCUPATION
Protestant Catholic and Jewish
North/Western Southern/Eastern Europe Europe
Both escaping poverty, religious and political persecution
Moved to farms Moved to cities in the in the Midwest North esp. east coast
Became farmers Unskilled workers
Old vs New Immigrants

14. Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882

16. Ellis Island was built in 1892 as the 1st “Immigration Center”
Angel Island built 1910 in San Francisco for Asian immigration
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18. New Immigrants Settle in Cities
URBAN OPPORTUNITIES
New Immigrants Settle in Cities
Industrialization leads to urbanization, or growth of cities
Most immigrants settle in cities; get cheap housing, factory jobs
Americanization—assimilate people into main culture
Schools, voluntary groups teach citizenship skills
English, American history, cooking, etiquette
Ethnic communities provide social support

19. St. Patrick’s Cathedral
Irish NY:
St. Patrick’s Cathedral

20. Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

21. Hester Street – Jewish Section

22. Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC

23. National Origins Act Copy 1924 Quota System
Based on 2% of Nationalities in U.S. in 1890
Reduced % from Eastern & Southern Europe
Excluded Asian Immigration

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Displaced Persons Act
1948
Allowed 200,000 persons persecuted by Nazis to come to America
National Origins Act made it almost impossible for Jews fleeing Hitler to come to U.S. from

25. Refugee Relief Acts 1953—escaping Communism in Eastern Europe
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1953—escaping Communism in Eastern Europe
1962—Cuban Refugee Crisis
1975—refugees from Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
1980—process for admitting refugees who fled persecution of race, religion, political group, nationality.

26. Immigration & Nationality Act
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Immigration & Nationality Act
1965
Abolished Quota System
Capped # of immigrants admitted each year
Admitted all immediate relatives
1968—cap on immigrants from Western Hemisphere

27. 4th Wave: 1965-2000 10% European 5% Africa Student Visas & Green Cards
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4th Wave:
Student Visas & Green Cards
50% Latin America
Mexico & Central America
33% Asian Americans
India, Southeast Asia, Middle East
10% European
5% Africa

28. Impact of 9/11 Patriot Act, 2001 Border Security & Visa Reform
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Impact of 9/11
Patriot Act, 2001
Border Security & Visa Reform
Homeland Security, 2002
No fly list.
ICE—U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement
Trump’s Muslim Ban