1. The Age of Exploration
15th and 16th centuries

2. Technological Advancements
Renaissance ideas were applied to exploration
Magnetic compass
Cannon
Caravel
Smaller, wind-powered ship
Portuguese invention
Astrolabe
Determined latitude, direction north or south of Equator
Better Maps

3. 1507 Waldseemuller Map

4. Why Explore? God Gold Glory Gateway
Spread the Catholic religion, primarily
Gold
Financial opportunities: gold, silver, spices
Leaders want more $ and support exploration (Henry the Navigator)
Glory
The ability to brag or be the best Euro country.
Gateway
Access to other markets
#1 motive: Material Profit…$, supplies

5. Portuguese Symbolism in Art

6. Portugal: 1st to Explore
Goals of exploration:
Christianize
Gold
Access to spice markets in India
Supported by Prince Henry the Navigator, King Manuel I
Got in on gold trade in the Mediterranean Sea
Made $ necessary for more expeditions
Will own Brazil by 1500
Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494

7. Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain
Portugal

8. Manuelian Architecture

9. Portuguese Explorers Bartholomew Diaz, 1478 Vasco da Gama, 1497-1499
Sailed to the Cape of Good Hope (Africa)
Vasco da Gama,
Sailed to India, returned with spices & cloth

10. Lisbon, Portugal

11. Lisbon, Portugal Entrance Port to Europe

12. Christopher Columbus
An Italian who sailed for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
Cristobal Columbo
Columbus begged K & Q for $ for exploration
Spain had gone through the reconquista
Expulsion of the Muslim Moors from Granada
Bad guy in history
Raped, killed, enslaved natives,
Hispaniola, 1496 (Dominican Republic)
Didn’t find America first
Had no idea where he was. India? China?
Can we judge him?
Maybe not…no moral compass

15. Spanish Governing
Established 4 viceroyalies or divisions of “new world” territory with 4 governors
Mercantilism: colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country (Spain)
Didn’t allow for self-rule or native industry
Perhaps a reason why much of S.A. and Mexico are considered “3rd World” countries?

16. Moorish Influence

17. Ferdinand Magellan Magellan, Spain 1519
Sailed by order of Charles V (H.R.Emperor, Spanish Habsburg)
Sailed around Cape Horn (South America)
Explored Philippines (named after Philip II, H.R.E.)
Proved earth was round, bigger than thought

18. Hernando Cortes Cortes, Spain 1519 Explored Mexico
Captured Aztec leader, Montezuma
Montezuma’s revenge
Made Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) the capital city of “New Spain”

19. Francisco Pizarro Pizarro, Spain 1531-1536 Explored Peru in S. America
Destroyed the Incan Empire
Lima became the capital city

20. John Cabot Cabot, England 1497 An Italian (same area as Columbus)
“Discovered” Newfoundland when trying to get to Brazil (Portuguese land)
No spices or gold for Henry VII, went back to England

21. Jacques Cartier Cartier, France 1534-1541
Explored the St. Lawrence River & Canada
Explored near Quebec
Quebec is a French speaking province of Canada

22. Dutch East India Company
Founded in 1602, The Netherlands
Government supported company
Explored solely for material gain

23. Impact of Exploration Columbian Exchange (Columbus)
Exchange of plants and animals:
Corn or maize, sugar cane
Horses, cows, sheep
Exchange of disease:
Euros brought smallpox
Natives gave Syphilis
High death toll of natives
Migration of people to “new world”