1. Biogeochemical cycling

2. Generalized Nutrient cycling
consumers
consumers
consumers
producers
decomposers
decomposers
nutrients ENTER FOOD CHAIN = made available to producers
nutrients made available to producers
return to abiotic reservoir
Decomposition connects all trophic levels
abiotic reservoir
abiotic reservoir
geologic processes
geologic processes

3. Carbon cycle abiotic reservoir: CO2 in atmosphere enter food chain:
photosynthesis = carbon fixation in Calvin cycle
recycle:
return to abiotic:
respiration
combustion
Carbon cycle
CO2 in
atmosphere
Diffusion
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Plants and algae
Plants
Animals
Industry and home
Combustion of fuels
Carbonates in sediment
Bicarbonates
Deposition of
dead material
Deposition
of dead
material
Fossil fuels
(oil, gas, coal)
Dissolved CO2

4. Water cycle Solar energy Transpiration Evaporation Precipitation
abiotic reservoir:
surface & atmospheric water
enter food chain:
precipitation & plant uptake
recycle:
transpiration
return to abiotic:
evaporation & runoff
Water cycle
Solar energy
Transpiration
Water vapor
Evaporation
Precipitation
Oceans
Runoff
Lakes
Percolation in soil
Aquifer
Groundwater

5. Phosphorus cycle abiotic reservoir: rocks, minerals, soil
enter food chain:
erosion releases soluble phosphate
uptake by plants
recycle:
decomposing bacteria & fungi
return to abiotic:
loss to ocean sediment
Phosphorus cycle
Land
animals
Plants
Animal tissue
and feces
Urine
Soluble soil
phosphate
Decomposers
(bacteria and
fungi)
Loss in
drainage
Rocks and
minerals
Phosphates
in solution
Decomposers
(bacteria & fungi)
Animal tissue
and feces
Aquatic
animals
Plants and
algae
Precipitates
Loss to deep sediment

6. Nitrogen cycle Atmospheric nitrogen Carnivores Herbivores Birds Plants
abiotic reservoir:
N in atmosphere
enter food chain:
nitrogen fixation by soil & aquatic bacteria
recycle:
decomposing & nitrifying bacteria
return to abiotic:
denitrifying bacteria
Atmospheric
nitrogen
Carnivores
Herbivores
Birds
Plankton with
nitrogen-fixing
bacteria
Plants
Death, excretion, feces
Fish
Nitrogen-fixing
bacteria
(plant roots)
Decomposing bacteria
amino acids
excretion
Ammonifying bacteria
Nitrogen-fixing
bacteria
(soil)
loss to deep sediments
Nitrifying bacteria
Denitrifying
bacteria
soil nitrates

7. Anthropogenic Man made fertilizers
Equal to the global natural nitrogen fixation

8. What happens when there is an overabundance of chemicals in the soil?

9. Eutrophication

10. What is the ozone layer?
Stratosphere contains a layer of ozone (O3). Role is to absorb damaging UV radiation.

11. Cholorflourocarbon: CFC’s
Man-made chemical used in
Refrigerants
Car Coolants
Aerosol cans

12. Reaction of O3 with CFC’s

13. Consequences of Ozone depletion
Thinning of this layer increases UV radiation to at the Earth’s surface.
Increase of skin cancer
Eye damage
Plant tissue damage

14. Global Warming
Greenhouse gases- a natural layer of gases that are transparent to sunlight but trap heat radiating from the Earth’s surface.
Gases: Methane, CO2, water vapor, N2O and O3 when it is in the troposhere.

15. Evidence of global warming

16. Increase of Pathogens
Colorado pine bark beetles and fungus they carry damage pine trees
Mosquitoes carry deneque fever and malaria

17. Increase in Sulphur and Nitrogen
Burning of fossil fuels
Leads to acidification
Graph shows number of lakes at that pH and number of fish species.

18. Inefficiency of energy transfer
sun
Inefficiency of energy transfer
Loss of energy between levels of food chain
To where is the energy lost? The cost of living!
17%
growth
energy lost to daily living
only this energy moves on to the next level in the food chain
33%
cellular
respiration
50%
waste (feces)