1. Any questions from the reading?
Emergency Care
Any questions from the reading?

2. Emergency vs. “Normal” Care
Emergency= life threatening/ potentially life threatening
Minority
“Normal”= non-life threatening (everything else)
Majority

3. Avoiding an Emergency? Education Equipment Conditioning/Training
Environmental Considerations and activity modification
What do all of these have in common? (think AT domains)

4. Time is of the Essence! Emergency Action Plan
Staff and EMS cooperation
Assessment

5. Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
Considerations
Type of event
Personnel
Special equipment
Communication (EMS, event personnel)
EMS access
Injured Participant
Parent contact
Insurance info

6. Cooperation
Imagine being injured severely and having the people who are supposed to be helping you doing any of the following:
Arguing
Acting confused
Taking too much time

7. Cooperation Meet with EMS
Coaches and administrators know role/where to be

8. Like any thing else… Perfect practice makes perfect
Remember a life is at stake!!!!

9. Video
(mountain biker vs. antelope)

10. Assessment 1◦ (primary) survey
Identify life threatening or potentially life threatening problems
Loss of consciousness
Airway/breathing compromise
Circulation compromise/Shock
Severe bleeding

11. Assessment cont. (1◦ survey)
Check-Call-Care
“Check”
Scene, # of victims, CABs
“Call”
Call 9-1-1
“Care”
Begin tx/care

12. Assessment cont. (1◦ survey)
CABs
“C”
Consciousness, Circulation
If no circulation, no need to do ‘A’ and ‘B’
“A”
Alertness (type), Airway established
“B”
Breathing , Breaths

13. Question(s) of the Day What are the 3 C’s of emergency care?
Check (scene, victims, CABs), Call (9-1-1), Care (begin tx)
What are the CAB’s and what should be checked for each?
C= consciousness and circulation, A= alertness, airway established, B= breathing (look, listen, feel), breaths

14. Signs and Symptoms (sx)
Sign= objective finding
Symptom (sx)= subjective finding
Now, you tell me…
Pain
Swelling
Low/High BP
Elevated core temperature
Clicking

15. Vital Signs Should be part of 1◦ survey
Pulse (60-80 adult, child)
Radial, neck, brachial
Do not check with thumb (use index and middle fingers) as thumb has own pulse
BP (120/80)
Systole- the pressure within the vessel walls when the heart beats
Diastole- the pressure within the vessel walls between beats (during relaxation)
Temperature (98.6 deg F)
Oral, axilla, ear, rectal

16. Vital Signs cont. Respirations (12-20) Skin color (varies)
Normal, shallow, irregular, bloody
Skin color (varies)
Red, white, and blue
Pupils (PEARL)
Reaction more important than size

17. Vital Signs cont.
State of consciousness (A&O x 4)
X 4= person, place, day/time, event
4 classifications of alertness: A, V, P, N
Muscle function (coordinated, strong, normal reflexes)
Sensory function (normal sensation)

18. Severe Bleeding Internal (not usually visible)
Examples ??
s/sx:
Abdominal: pain, bruising, rigidity, nausea, pain with percussion, shock s/sx
Intracranial: pain, h/a, dizziness, nausea, cranial nerve abnormalities, shock s/sx
External (highly visible)

19. Shock
Defn: “a medical emergency in which the organs and tissues of the body are not receiving an adequate flow of blood” (FreeDictionary.com)
Decrease in oxygen
Build up of cellular waste

20. Types of Shock 8 different types
Hemorrhagic Shock= loss of blood from injury
Internal or External (warning blood present)
Respiratory= lungs unable to supply oxygen to blood
Neurogenic= loss of vascular control by nervous system significant vasodilation/decreased BP

21. Types of Shock cont. Cardiogenic= inadequate heart fxn
Rare in athletics
Metabolic= severe loss of bodily fluids (not just blood)
Anaphylactic= severe allergic reaction
Usually carry Epi Pen if know allergic

22. Types of Shock cont. Septic= severe infection
Psychogenic= physiologic response to fear, stress, or emotional crisisfainting
Vasovagal reponse (needles, pain, etc).

23. Shock cont.
S/sx
Low BP (systolic < 90)
Rapid, yet weak pulse
Lethargy, drowsyLOC
Shallow, rapid respiration
Pale, cold, clammy skin
Restlessness and anxiety
Thirst
Fecal incontinence/decreased urinary retention
Tx: maintain core temp, elevation 8-12 inches (depends on body part), calm individual, emergency services called

24. Homework