1. Industrial Revolution

2. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
What was the industrial revolution?
Machines coordinated to make goods
Energy from non-animal sources
Industry grew 4 times faster
Changed all aspects of society
Most profound effect since agriculture
Government change
Political and military balance
Europe as dominant power
Transformed social classes
Higher standard of living for most

3. Effects of the Industrial Revolution

4. Effects of the Industrial Revolution

5. Origins Agricultural revolution
Horse and steel plow
Fertilizer use
Yields improved 300%
Growth of foreign trade for manufactured goods
Foreign colonies
Increase in ships and size
Successful wars and foreign conquest

6. Origins – Why England? Factors in England No civil strife
Government favored trade
Laissez faire
Large middle class
Island geography
Mobile population
Everyone lived within 20 miles of navigable river
Tradition of experimental science
Weak guilds

7. Manufacturing
Textiles
4-5 spinners per weaver
Flying Shuttle

8. Manufacturing Textiles
Cotton gave stronger fibers
Invention of Spinning Jenny
Demand for skilled weavers
Mechanical looms (flying shuttle)
Jacquard looms

9. Richard Arkwright – 1771 Invents the spinning water frame
Constructs the first spinning factory
Realized that several machines could be linked to create a factory
Needed water power to turn the machines (water wheel expert)
Needed gears (watchmaker)
The creation of the first spinning factory
was the beginning of the Industrial Revolution

10. Edmund Cartwright–1787
Power loom factory

11. Manufacturing Textiles
Jacquard looms

12. Manufacturing Negatives
Poor working conditions
Children supplied labor
Luddites
Handicraftsmen replaced by machine
Organized to stop industrialization

13. Energy and Transportation
Animal power and plant burning
Water emerged as energy source
Iron industry energy crisis
Lack of wood
Coal discovered
Steam pumps for mines
Steam engines
Railroads

14. England vs. Continental Europe

15. England vs. Continental Europe
Produced 20% of industrial goods
Gross national product rose 4x
Population increase
Inventors took inventions abroad
Belgium’s coal and iron resources
Germany iron and wool factories
France slow to industrialize
Mechanization came but late

17. Technology
The Industrial Revolution was built on rapid advances in technology

18. Technology
Is technology good?

19. Technology
Is complexity good?

20. Technology
How do we control technology without stifling progress?

21. Thank You